ArticleAmerican journal of respiratory and critical care medicine2014
Metabolic activity of the tongue in obstructive sleep apnea. A novel application of FDG positron emission tomography imaging.
Article in American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 17 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
17 citing papers in PubMed, 33 citations in OpenAlex.
- Upper airway stabilization by osteopathic manipulation of the sphenopalatine ganglion versus sham manipulation in OSAS patients: a proof-of-concept, randomized, crossover, double-blind, controlled study.BMC complementary and alternative medicine · 2017Trial
- Sleep and obesity-known interactions and open questions.Journal of clinical sleep medicine : JCSM : official publication of the American Academy of Sleep Medicine · 2026Review
- [Characterastics and determinants of upper airway collapse in OSA patients with different genioglossus negative pressure reflex patterns during DISE].Lin chuang er bi yan hou tou jing wai ke za zhi = Journal of clinical otorhinolaryngology head and neck surgery · 2026Article
- The Role of Mitochondria in Obstructive Sleep Apnea: Implications for the Upper Airway Muscles.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Pharyngeal Inflammation on Positron Emission Tomography/Magnetic Resonance Imaging Before and After Obstructive Sleep Apnea Treatment.Annals of the American Thoracic Society · 2023Article
- Novel non-invasive assessment of upper airway inflammation in obstructive sleep apnea using positron emission tomography/magnetic resonance imaging.Sleep & breathing = Schlaf & Atmung · 2022Article
- Obstructive Sleep Apnea and Role of the Diaphragm.Cureus · 2022Review
- Assays of tongue force, timing, and dynamics in rat and mouse models.Brain research bulletin · 2022Review
- Dynamic Upper Airway Imaging during Wakefulness in Obese Subjects with and without Sleep Apnea.American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine · 2018Article
- Magnetic resonance imaging of obstructive sleep apnea in children.Pediatric radiology · 2018Review
- Understanding Pathophysiological Concepts Leading to Obstructive Apnea.Obesity surgery · 2018Review
- Article
- In Vivo Evaluation of the Mechanical and Viscoelastic Properties of the Rat Tongue.Journal of visualized experiments : JoVE · 2017Article
- Fat accumulation in the tongue is associated with male gender, abnormal upper airway patency and whole-body adiposity.Metabolism: clinical and experimental · 2016Article
- An Examination of Methodological Paradigms for Calculating Upper Airway Critical Pressures during Sleep.Sleep · 2016Article
- Modulation of Muscle Fiber Compositions in Response to Hypoxia via Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Kinase-1.Frontiers in physiology · 2016Article
- Neurogenic changes in the upper airway of obstructive sleep apnoea.Current neurology and neuroscience reports · 2015Review
Corrections and comments
- Commented on by
Authors and funding
8 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
rationaleThe metabolic activity of the tongue is unknown in patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). Tongue electromyographic (EMG) activity is increased in patients with OSA. This increase in tongue EMG activity is thought to be related to either increased neuromuscular compensation or denervation with subsequent reinnervation of the muscle fibers. Increased glucose uptake in the tongue would support increased neuromuscular compensation, whereas decreased glucose uptake in the tongue would support denervation with subsequent reinnervation of the muscle fibers.
objectivesTo investigate the metabolic activity of the genioglossus and control upper airway muscles in obese patients with sleep apnea compared with obese control subjects.
methodsObese subjects with and without OSA underwent a standard overnight sleep study to determine an apnea-hypopnea index. Each subject had a positron emission tomography with [(18)F]-2-fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose scan in addition to noncontrast computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging. Glucose uptake was quantified within upper airway tissues with the standardized uptake value. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN
resultsWe recruited 30 obese control subjects (apnea-hypopnea index, 4.7 ± 3.1 events per hour) and 72 obese patients with sleep apnea (apnea-hypopnea index, 43.5 ± 28.0 events per hour). Independent of age, body mass index, sex, and race, patients with OSA had significantly reduced glucose uptake in the genioglossus (P = 0.03) in comparison with obese normal subjects. No differences in standardized uptake value were found in the control muscles (masseter [P = 0.38] and pterygoid [P = 0.70]) and subcutaneous fat deposits (neck [P = 0.44] and submental [P = 0.95]) between patients with OSA and control subjects.
conclusionsThere was significantly reduced glucose uptake in the genioglossus of patients with sleep apnea in comparison with obese normal subjects with [(18)F]-2-fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose positron emission tomography imaging. The reduction in glucose uptake was likely secondary to alterations in tongue muscle fiber-type or secondary to chronic denervation. The reduced glucose uptake argues against the neuromuscular compensation hypothesis explaining the increase in tongue EMG activity in obese patients with OSA.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.