ArticleBeilstein journal of nanotechnology2014
Unlocking higher harmonics in atomic force microscopy with gentle interactions.
Article in Beilstein journal of nanotechnology, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers.
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5 citing papers in PubMed.
- Mapping Nanoscale Heterogeneity in Soft Materials With Modified Tapping-Mode AFM.Small methods · 2026Article
- Current measurements in the intermittent-contact mode of atomic force microscopy using the Fourier method: a feasibility analysis.Beilstein journal of nanotechnology · 2020Article
- Identification of HIV-1-Based Virus-like Particles by Multifrequency Atomic Force Microscopy.Biophysical journal · 2016Article
- Accurate, explicit formulae for higher harmonic force spectroscopy by frequency modulation-AFM.Beilstein journal of nanotechnology · 2015Article
- Probing viscoelastic surfaces with bimodal tapping-mode atomic force microscopy: Underlying physics and observables for a standard linear solid model.Beilstein journal of nanotechnology · 2014Article
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4 authors.
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Abstract
In dynamic atomic force microscopy, nanoscale properties are encoded in the higher harmonics. Nevertheless, when gentle interactions and minimal invasiveness are required, these harmonics are typically undetectable. Here, we propose to externally drive an arbitrary number of exact higher harmonics above the noise level. In this way, multiple contrast channels that are sensitive to compositional variations are made accessible. Numerical integration of the equation of motion shows that the external introduction of exact harmonic frequencies does not compromise the fundamental frequency. Thermal fluctuations are also considered within the detection bandwidth of interest and discussed in terms of higher-harmonic phase contrast in the presence and absence of an external excitation of higher harmonics. Higher harmonic phase shifts further provide the means to directly decouple the true topography from that induced by compositional heterogeneity.
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