ReviewNature reviews. Cardiology2014
Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 and angiotensin 1-7: novel therapeutic targets.
Review in Nature reviews. Cardiology, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT04331470 (Evaluation of Efficacy of Pharmacotherapy Treatment of COVID- 19 Infection Using Oral Levamisole and Formoterol+Budesonide Inhaler and Comparison of This Treatment Protocol With Standard National Treatment of the Disease), which is not on this map. Cited by 238 papers, 5 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Evaluation of Efficacy of Pharmacotherapy Treatment of COVID- 19 Infection Using Oral Levamisole and Formoterol+Budesonide Inhaler and Comparison of This Treatment Protocol With Standard National Treatment of the Disease
Who cites it
238 citing papers in PubMed, 5 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 429 citations in OpenAlex.
- Pooled it
- The Interrelationship between Liver Function Test and the Coronavirus Disease 2019: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Iranian journal of medical sciences · 2021Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and COVID-19: A Narrative Review.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2021Pooled it
- Cell-Mediated Immune Responses to COVID-19 Infection.Frontiers in immunology · 2020Pooled it
- Losartan and prednisolone for post-COVID syndrome and cardiac inflammation: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial.Nature communications · 2026Trial
- Acute GLP-1 infusion in male adults lowers circulating angiotensin II without changing angiotensinogen, ACE, ACE2, or angiotensin-(1-7) concentrations.Physiological reports · 2026Trial
- Effects of HIIT and MICT on cardiovascular function in essential hypertension: roles of inflammation, oxidative stress, and RAS axis.Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine · 2026Trial
- Effect of ertugliflozin on left ventricular function in type 2 diabetes and pre-heart failure: the Ertu-GLS randomized clinical trial.Cardiovascular diabetology · 2024Trial
- Combined sodium glucose co-transporter-2 inhibitor and angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibition upregulates the renin-angiotensin system in chronic kidney disease with type 2 diabetes: Results of a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled exploratory trial.Diabetes, obesity & metabolism · 2022Trial
- Exploring the Association of Angiotensin-(1-7) with Left Ventricular Mass Index in Youth with Hereditary Hypophosphatemia: A Pilot Study.Research square · 2026Article
- Apelin-APLNR pathway across development, inflammation, and vascular remodeling: an endothelial perspective.Experimental & molecular medicine · 2026Review
- Is long-term disruption of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system associated with long COVID? A retrospective cohort study among healthcare workers.BMC infectious diseases · 2026Article
- Losartan Alleviates Chemical Burn-Induced Limbal Stem Cell Deficiency: Repurposing a Venerable Anti-Hypertension Drug.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2026Article
- Upregulation of angiotensin-(1-7) formation in human podocytes - enzyme activity assay upon fluid flow shear stress.PloS one · 2026Article
- Eugenol: A promising therapeutic terpenoid against ischemia-reperfusion injury.EXCLI journal · 2026Review
- Genetic Analysis and Clinical Effect ofSultan Qaboos University medical journal · 2026Article
- Cardiometabolic and renal benefits of sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors.Nature reviews. Endocrinology · 2025Review
- LARP1 acts as a key mediator in preventing angiotensin II-induced cardiac dysfunction and fibrosis.Cell & bioscience · 2025Article
- Neuroprotective effects of candesartan in 3-nitropropionic acid-induced Huntington's disease: modulation of angiotensin and CREB/BDNF/PGC1-α signaling.Inflammopharmacology · 2025Article
178 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The renin-angiotensin system (RAS) has pivotal roles in the regulation of normal physiology and the pathogenesis of cardiovascular disease. Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) 2, and its product angiotensin 1-7, are thought to have counteracting effects against the adverse actions of other, better known and understood, members of the RAS. The physiological and pathological importance of ACE2 and angiotensin 1-7 in the cardiovascular system are not completely understood, but numerous experimental studies have indicated that these components have protective effects in the heart and blood vessels. Here, we provide an overview on the basic properties of ACE2 and angiotensin 1-7 and a summary of the evidence from experimental and clinical studies of various pathological conditions, such as hypertension, atherosclerosis, myocardial remodelling, heart failure, ischaemic stroke, and diabetes mellitus. ACE2-mediated catabolism of angiotensin II is likely to have a major role in cardiovascular protection, whereas the relevant functions and signalling mechanisms of actions induced by angiotensin 1-7 have not been conclusively determined. The ACE2-angiotensin 1-7 pathway, however, might provide a useful therapeutic target for the treatment of cardiovascular disease, especially in patients with overactive RAS.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.