ReviewAllergy2014
Refractory asthma: mechanisms, targets, and therapy.
Review in Allergy, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 59 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
59 citing papers in PubMed, 132 citations in OpenAlex.
- A Digital Asthma Self-Management Program for Adults: A Randomized Clinical Trial.JAMA network open · 2025Trial
- Differential connectivity of gene regulatory networks distinguishes corticosteroid response in asthma.The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology · 2018Trial
- MrgprC11American journal of respiratory cell and molecular biology · 2025Article
- Global burden of asthma attributable to high body mass index in older adults 1990-2021 and prediction to 2050: An analysis of Global Burden of Disease Study 2021.The World Allergy Organization journal · 2025Article
- Oxidative Stress and Antioxidants in Pediatric Asthma's Evolution and Management.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Distinctive CD39Nature communications · 2024Article
- "Air That Once Was Breath" Part 2: Wildfire Smoke and Airway Disease - "Climate Change, Allergy and Immunology" Special IAAI Article Collection: Collegium Internationale Allergologicum Update 2023.International archives of allergy and immunology · 2024Review
- Epigenomic response to albuterol treatment in asthma-relevant airway epithelial cells.Clinical epigenetics · 2023Article
- Interaction of Interleukin-17A with a Th2 Response in a Mouse Model of Allergic Airway Inflammation.Cells · 2023Article
- Significance of Singlet Oxygen Molecule in Pathologies.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- Advances in respiratory physiology in mouse models of experimental asthma.Frontiers in physiology · 2023Review
- A digital approach to asthma self-management in adults: Protocol for a pragmatic randomized controlled trial.Contemporary clinical trials · 2022Article
- Glucocorticoids and COVID-19.Pharmacological research · 2022Review
- RNA-Binding Protein HuR Promotes Airway Inflammation in a House Dust Mite-Induced Allergic Asthma Model.Journal of interferon & cytokine research : the official journal of the International Society for Interferon and Cytokine Research · 2022Article
- Coadministration of Stigmasterol and Dexamethasone (STIG+DEX) Modulates Steroid-Resistant Asthma.Mediators of inflammation · 2022Article
- Article
- Preclinical Pharmacokinetics and Acute Toxicity in Rats of 5-{[(2E)-3-Bromo-3-carboxyprop-2-enoyl]amino}-2-hydroxybenzoic Acid: A Novel 5-Aminosalicylic Acid Derivative with Potent Anti-Inflammatory Activity.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Article
- Review
- Dupilumab is effective in type 2-high asthma patients receiving high-dose inhaled corticosteroids at baseline.Allergy · 2021Article
- Respiratory Viral and Bacterial Factors That Influence Early Childhood Asthma.Frontiers in allergy · 2021Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Asthma is a common medical condition affecting 300 million people worldwide. Airway inflammation, smooth muscle bronchoconstriction leading to airflow obstruction, and mucous hypersecretion are clinical hallmarks of asthma. The NHLBI Expert Panel Report 3 recommends inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) for patients with moderate to severe persistent asthma. Inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) target gene transcription through their interactions with the glucocorticoid (GC) receptor (GR) at the glucocorticoid response element (GRE). The GC/GR complex enhances anti-inflammatory but inhibits pro-inflammatory mediator production. Classically, asthma has been described as a Th2-associated eosinophil-predominant disease, but recently alternative models have been described including a Th17-mediated neutrophil-predominant phenotype resulting in patients with more severe disease who may be less responsive to steroids. Additional mechanisms of steroid resistance include increased activity of GR phosphorylating kinases which modify the interactions of GR with transcription factors to inhibit the ability of GR to bind with GRE, leading to an increase in pro-inflammatory gene transcription. Oxidative stress also affects the balance between pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory gene transcription through the modification of transcription factors and cofactors (such as PI3K) leading to the inhibition of histone deacetylase 2. Continued investigations into the mechanisms behind glucocorticoid resistance will lead to novel treatments that improve control of severe refractory asthma.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.