ArticleCancer immunology, immunotherapy : CII2014
Antitumor activity and safety of combination therapy with the Toll-like receptor 9 agonist IMO-2055, erlotinib, and bevacizumab in advanced or metastatic non-small cell lung cancer patients who have progressed following chemotherapy.
Article in Cancer immunology, immunotherapy : CII, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 41 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
41 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 67 citations in OpenAlex.
- Pooled it
- An Open-Label Study of Subcutaneous CpG Oligodeoxynucleotide (PF03512676) in Combination with Trastuzumab in Patients with Metastatic HER2+ Breast Cancer.Cancer control : journal of the Moffitt Cancer CenterTrial
- Cancer immunotherapy targeting murine myeloid cells requires endosomal pattern recognition.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Intralesional injection of CpG ODNs complexed with glatiramer acetate mitigates systemic cytokine toxicities and synergistically advances checkpoint blockade efficacy.Drug delivery and translational research · 2026Article
- Understanding the complexity of tumor-associated macrophages: Druggable and therapeutic insights.Acta pharmaceutica Sinica. B · 2025Review
- Targeting innate immune sensors for therapeutic strategies in infectious diseases.Journal of microbiology (Seoul, Korea) · 2025Review
- Role of toll-like receptors in pulmonary immunity: mechanisms and therapeutic implications.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- TLR9: A Double-Dealing Toll-Like Receptor.ImmunoTargets and therapy · 2025Review
- Targeting tumor‑associated macrophages: Critical players in tumor progression and therapeutic strategies (Review).International journal of oncology · 2024Review
- Harnessing innate immune pathways for therapeutic advancement in cancer.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2024Review
- Review
- Vidutolimod in Combination With Atezolizumab With and Without Radiation Therapy in Patients With Programmed Cell Death Protein 1 or Programmed Death-Ligand 1 Blockade-Resistant Advanced NSCLC.JTO clinical and research reports · 2023Article
- Targeting Options of Tumor-Associated Macrophages (TAM) Activity in Gliomas.Current neuropharmacology · 2023Review
- Toll-like receptor-guided therapeutic intervention of human cancers: molecular and immunological perspectives.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Review
- Targeting macrophages: a novel treatment strategy in solid tumors.Journal of translational medicine · 2022Review
- Phosphoinositide 3-kinase/Akt and its related signaling pathways in the regulation of tumor-associated macrophages polarization.Molecular and cellular biochemistry · 2022Review
- Innate and Adaptive Responses of Intratumoral Immunotherapy with Endosomal Toll-Like Receptor Agonists.Biomedicines · 2022Review
- Toll-like receptor-agonist-based therapies for respiratory viral diseases: thinking outside the cell.European respiratory review : an official journal of the European Respiratory Society · 2022Review
- Innate Immunity and Cancer Pathophysiology.Annual review of pathology · 2022Review
- Evolution and Targeting of Myeloid Suppressor Cells in Cancer: A Translational Perspective.Cancers · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
9 authors at 8 institutions in 5 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundIMO-2055 is a Toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9) agonist that potentially enhances the efficacy of antitumor agents through immune stimulation. The objective of this phase Ib dose-escalation trial (3 + 3 design) was to determine the recommended phase II dose (RP2D) of IMO-2055 when combined with erlotinib and bevacizumab in patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).
methodsPatients with stage 3/4 NSCLC and progressive disease (PD) following chemotherapy received IMO-2055 0.08, 0.16, 0.32, or 0.48 mg/kg once weekly plus erlotinib 150 mg daily and bevacizumab 15 mg/kg every 3 weeks. Patients could receive treatment until PD or unacceptable toxicity.
resultsThirty-six patients were enrolled; 35 received at least one treatment dose. Two dose-limiting toxicities were observed across the dose range (Grade 3 dehydration and fatigue) with neither suggestive of a consistent toxicity pattern. IMO-2055 0.32 mg/kg was adopted as RP2D based on clinical and pharmacodynamic data. The most common treatment-emergent adverse events (TEAEs) were diarrhea (74 %), nausea (51 %), fatigue (51 %), rash (51 %), and injection-site reactions (49 %). Four patients experienced serious TEAEs considered to be study drug related. Five patients died, all due to PD. High-grade neutropenia and electrolyte disturbances previously reported with TLR9 agonists combined with platinum-based therapy were not observed in this study. Five of 33 patients evaluable for response (15 %) achieved partial response; another 20 (61 %) had stable disease, including 13 with stable disease ≥4 months.
conclusionsIMO-2055 demonstrated good tolerability and possible antitumor activity in combination with erlotinib and bevacizumab in heavily pretreated patients with advanced NSCLC.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.