ReviewAntiviral research2014
Arbidol as a broad-spectrum antiviral: an update.
Review in Antiviral research, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 237 papers, 6 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
237 citing papers in PubMed, 6 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 488 citations in OpenAlex.
- Efficacy and safety of arbidol (umifenovir) in patients with COVID-19: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Immunity, inflammation and disease · 2021Pooled it
- Treatment of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS), Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS), and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): a systematic review ofTheranostics · 2021Pooled it
- Efficacy and safety of umifenovir for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): A systematic review and meta-analysis.Journal of medical virology · 2021Pooled it
- Review of trials currently testing treatment and prevention of COVID-19.Clinical microbiology and infection : the official publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases · 2020Pooled it
- The potential of drug repositioning as a short-term strategy for the control and treatment of COVID-19 (SARS-CoV-2): a systematic review.Archives of virology · 2020Pooled it
- Potential interventions for novel coronavirus in China: A systematic review.Journal of medical virology · 2020Pooled it
- Multicenter, randomized controlled, open label evaluation of the efficacy and safety of arbidol hydrochloride tablets in the treatment of influenza-like cases.BMC infectious diseases · 2023Trial
- Effect of Arbidol (Umifenovir) on COVID-19: a randomized controlled trial.BMC infectious diseases · 2020Trial
- Deadbolt Drug Discovery: Locking the Door to Class 1 Viral Entry by Small Molecules.ACS infectious diseases · 2026Review
- Synthesis of 1,3,5-Triazine-Indole Conjugates as Broad-Spectrum Coronavirus Entry Inhibitors.ChemMedChem · 2026Article
- Efficacy and Safety of Umifenovir (Arbidol) in Children with Influenza-like Illnesses: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Pediatric reports · 2026Review
- Enhanced Antiviral Activity of Novel Umifenovir Derivatives against SARS-CoV-2: Insights from an International Collaborative Study.ACS omega · 2026Article
- Review
- Orchestrating immunopathology: the spectrum of programmed cell death pathways co-opted by influenza a virus in pulmonary immunity.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- From neuraminidase inhibitors to novel mechanisms: expanding therapeutic strategies against influenza.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2026Review
- Conformational Landscape, Polymorphism, and Solid Forms Design of Bicalutamide: A Review.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Article
- Mechanistic insights into the small-molecule inhibition of influenza A virus entry.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2025Article
- Design, Synthesis and Anti-Influenza Virus Activity of 4-Tert-Butyl-N-(3-Oxo-1-Thia-4-Azaspiro[4.5]Dec-4-yl)Benzamide Derivatives That Target Hemagglutinin-Mediated Fusion.Drug development research · 2025Article
- Antiviral treatment for viral pneumonia: current drugs and natural compounds.Virology journal · 2025Review
177 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Arbidol (ARB) is a Russian-made small indole-derivative molecule, licensed in Russia and China for prophylaxis and treatment of influenza and other respiratory viral infections. It also demonstrates inhibitory activity against other viruses, enveloped or not, responsible for emerging or globally prevalent infectious diseases such as hepatitis B and C, gastroenteritis, hemorrhagic fevers or encephalitis. In this review, we will explore the possibility and pertinence of ARB as a broad-spectrum antiviral, after a careful examination of its physico-chemical properties, pharmacokinetics, toxicity, and molecular mechanisms of action. Recent studies suggest that ARB's dual interactions with membranes and aromatic amino acids in proteins may be central to its broad-spectrum antiviral activity. This could impact on the virus itself, and/or on cellular functions or critical steps in virus-cell interactions, thereby positioning ARB as both a direct-acting antiviral (DAA) and a host-targeting agent (HTA). In the context of recent studies in animals and humans, we will discuss the prospective clinical use of ARB in various viral infections.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.