ReviewThe Lancet. Infectious diseases2014
Individualised antibiotic dosing for patients who are critically ill: challenges and potential solutions.
Review in The Lancet. Infectious diseases, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to 3 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 484 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis as a Bedside Tool to Estimate Volume of Distribution of Hydrophilic Antimicrobials in Critically Ill Patients
Population Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics of Beta-lactams of Interest in Adult Patients From Intensive Care Units
Pharmacokinetics and Modelling of Beta-Lactam in Patients Undergoing Veno-Arterial Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation (VA-ECMO)
Who cites it
484 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Antibacterial Pharmacokinetics in Critically Ill Patients Receiving Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation (ECMO): A Systematic Review of Population Pharmacokinetic Studies.Clinical pharmacokinetics · 2026Pooled it
- Continuous or extended vs intermittent infusions of beta-lactam antibiotics in ICU patients with pneumonia: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy · 2025Pooled it
- Inhaled antibiotics for treating pneumonia in invasively ventilated patients in intensive care unit: a meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials with trial sequential analysis.Critical care (London, England) · 2024Pooled it
- Imipenem/cilastatin/relebactam dosing regimen justification using exposure-efficacy analyses in participants with hospital-acquired bacterial pneumonia or ventilator-associated bacterial pneumonia in the RESTORE-IMI 2 phase 3 study.Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy · 2026Trial
- Cost-effectiveness of data driven personalised antibiotic dosing in critically ill patients with sepsis or septic shock.Journal of clinical monitoring and computing · 2025Trial
- Unraveling the impact of therapeutic drug monitoring via machine learning for patients with sepsis.Cell reports. Medicine · 2024Trial
- Achievement of therapeutic antibiotic exposures using Bayesian dosing software in critically unwell children and adults with sepsis.Intensive care medicine · 2024Trial
- Impact of adsorptive CRRT membranes on vancomycin pharmacokinetics in critically ill patients.Renal failure · 2026Review
- Extracorporeal circuit-related hemodilution in pediatric CKRT: the dilution factor concept.Pediatric nephrology (Berlin, Germany) · 2026Article
- Optimization of Cefotaxime Treatment in Intensive Care Patients: Impact of Inter- and Intra-patient Variability on Pharmacokinetics and Target Attainment.Clinical pharmacokinetics · 2026Article
- Development and evaluation of machine learning-based prediction-modelling for initial vancomycin serum concentrations in septic ICU patients using clinical health record data.Intensive care medicine experimental · 2026Article
- The PRECISE framework: a structured approach to antibiogram interpretation for antimicrobial optimization at the bedside.Revista espanola de quimioterapia : publicacion oficial de la Sociedad Espanola de Quimioterapia · 2026Review
- Integrating CRRT as a Virtual Organ Into Physiologically Based Pharmacokinetic Modeling to Optimize Antimicrobial Dosing in Septic Patients.CPT: pharmacometrics & systems pharmacology · 2026Article
- The "obesity paradox" in dosing: a comprehensive analytical review of cockcroft-gault versus CKD-EPI for predicting clearance of narrow-therapeutic-index drugs in patients with BMI > 40 kg/m².European journal of clinical pharmacology · 2026Review
- Therapeutic Failure in Invasive Fungal Infections: Beyond Antifungal Resistance-A Narrative Review.Journal of fungi (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Tigecycline pharmacokinetics in critically ill patients receiving extracorporeal membrane oxygenation: a prospective multicentre pilot study.BMC anesthesiology · 2026Observational
- Predictive accuracy of population meropenem models in critically ill pneumonia patients.Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy · 2026Article
- Systematic Review of Antimicrobial Therapies and Clinical Outcomes inLife (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- PK/PD study of vancomycin in enterococcal infections: efficacy and safety assessment under the guidance of TDM.Microbiology spectrum · 2026Observational
- Predictive performance of an antibiotic precision dosing software program in critically ill adults with infection.The Journal of antimicrobial chemotherapy · 2026Article
424 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
15 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Infections in critically ill patients are associated with persistently poor clinical outcomes. These patients have severely altered and variable antibiotic pharmacokinetics and are infected by less susceptible pathogens. Antibiotic dosing that does not account for these features is likely to result in suboptimum outcomes. In this Review, we explore the challenges related to patients and pathogens that contribute to inadequate antibiotic dosing and discuss how to implement a process for individualised antibiotic therapy that increases the accuracy of dosing and optimises care for critically ill patients. To improve antibiotic dosing, any physiological changes in patients that could alter antibiotic concentrations should first be established; such changes include altered fluid status, changes in serum albumin concentrations and renal and hepatic function, and microvascular failure. Second, antibiotic susceptibility of pathogens should be confirmed with microbiological techniques. Data for bacterial susceptibility could then be combined with measured data for antibiotic concentrations (when available) in clinical dosing software, which uses pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic derived models from critically ill patients to predict accurately the dosing needs for individual patients. Individualisation of dosing could optimise antibiotic exposure and maximise effectiveness.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.