Evidence map›Paper›PMID 24767704›Full record

ArticleJournal of biomechanics2014

Atomic force microscopy determination of Young׳s modulus of bovine extra-ocular tendon fiber bundles.

Lawrence Yoo, Jason Reed, Andrew Shin, Joseph L Demer

Abstract read
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In one paragraph

Article in Journal of biomechanics, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
8citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact, top 95% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

8 citing papers in PubMed, 1 citations in OpenAlex.

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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.

Lawrence YooDepartment of Ophthalmology, Jules Stein Eye Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095-7002, USA.
Jason ReedDepartment of Physics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA.
Andrew ShinDepartment of Ophthalmology, Jules Stein Eye Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095-7002, USA; Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
Joseph L DemerDepartment of Ophthalmology, Jules Stein Eye Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095-7002, USA; Biomedical Engineering Interdepartmental Program, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Neuroscience Interdepartmental Program, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Department of Neurology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA. Electronic address: jld@ucla.edu.
University of California, Los Angeles · USVirginia Commonwealth University · US

Funding

Vision Research Core at UCLAP30EY000331 · NEI · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA LOS ANGELES · PI Gregory Darin Field, DAVID S WILLIAMS · 1985 to 2026
$16.8M
BIOMECHANICAL ANALYSIS IN STRABISMUS SURGERYR01EY008313 · NEI · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA LOS ANGELES · PI JOSEPH Louis DEMER · 1991 to 2026
$15.0M
NEI NIH HHS EY00331NEI NIH HHS EY08313NEI NIH HHS P30 EY000331NEI NIH HHS R01 EY008313
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Extra-ocular tendons (EOTs) transmit the oculorotary force of the muscles to the eyeball to generate dynamic eye movements and align the eyes, yet the mechanical properties of the EOTs remain undefined. The EOTs are known to be composed of parallel bundles of small fibers whose mechanical properties must be determined in order to characterize the overall behavior of EOTs. The current study aimed to investigate the transverse Young׳s modulus of EOT fiber bundles using atomic force microscopy (AFM). Fresh bovine EOT fiber bundle specimens were maintained under temperature and humidity control, and indented 100nm by the inverted pyramid tip of an AFM (Veeco Digital Instruments, NY). Ten indentations were conducted for each of 3 different locations of 10 different specimens from each of 6 EOTs, comprising a total of 1800 indentations. Young׳s modulus for each EOT was determined using a Hertzian contact model. Young׳s moduli for fiber bundles from all six EOTs were determined. Mean Young׳s moduli for fiber bundles were similar for the six anatomical EOTs: lateral rectus 60.12±2.69 (±SD)MPa, inferior rectus 59.69±5.34MPa, medial rectus 56.92±1.91MPa, superior rectus 59.66±2.64MPa, inferior oblique 57.7±1.36MPa, and superior oblique 59.15±2.03. Variation in Young׳s moduli among the six EOTs was not significant (P>0.25). The Young׳s modulus of bovine EOT fibers is highly uniform among the six extraocular muscles, suggesting that each EOT is assembled from fiber bundles representing the same biomechanical elements. This uniformity will simplify overall modeling.

Indexed as

Microscopy, Atomic ForceAnimalsBiomechanical PhenomenaCattleElastic ModulusEyeOculomotor MusclesPressureStrabismusStress, MechanicalTendonsBiomechanicsExtra-ocular tendonOrbital mechanicsStrabismus

Identifiers

PMID24767704
PMCPMC4028417
OpenAlexW1514342378

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceTDM
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.