Trial reportJournal of affective disorders2014
Antidepressant treatment history as a predictor of response to scopolamine: clinical implications.
Trial report in Journal of affective disorders, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT04211961 (A Randomised Double-Blinded Placebo-Controlled Trial to Assess the Efficacy and Safety of Scopolamine Compared to Placebo in Individuals With Bipolar Disorder Who Are Experiencing a Depressive Episode), which is not on this map. Cited by 19 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
A Randomised Double-Blinded Placebo-Controlled Trial to Assess the Efficacy and Safety of Scopolamine Compared to Placebo in Individuals With Bipolar Disorder Who Are Experiencing a Depressive Episode
Who cites it
19 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 41 citations in OpenAlex.
- The effect of scopolamine on memory and attention: a systematic review and meta-analysis.European psychiatry : the journal of the Association of European Psychiatrists · 2025Pooled it
- Clinical Effectiveness of Muscarinic Receptor-Targeted Interventions in Neuropsychiatric Disorders: A Systematic Review.CNS drugs · 2022Pooled it
- Group-Based Symptom Trajectory of Intramuscular Administration of Scopolamine Augmentation in Moderate to Severe Major Depressive Disorder: A Post-Hoc Analysis.Neuropsychiatric disease and treatment · 2023Trial
- Toxic and Hallucinogenic Plants of Southern Chile of Forensic Interest: A Review.Plants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Depression and the Glutamate/GABA-Glutamine Cycle.Current neuropharmacology · 2024Review
- The Potential of Scopolamine as an Antidepressant in Major Depressive Disorder: A Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials.Biomedicines · 2023Review
- Rapid antidepressant-like effects of muscarinic receptor antagonists require BDNF-dependent signaling in the ventrolateral periaqueductal gray.Psychopharmacology · 2022Article
- Normalization of impaired emotion inhibition in bipolar disorder mediated by cholinergic neurotransmission in the cingulate cortex.Neuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology · 2022Article
- Article
- Article
- The effects of intramuscular administration of scopolamine augmentation in moderate to severe major depressive disorder: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial.Therapeutic advances in psychopharmacology · 2020Article
- Cholinergic regulation of mood: from basic and clinical studies to emerging therapeutics.Molecular psychiatry · 2019Review
- Resolvin E1/E2 ameliorate lipopolysaccharide-induced depression-like behaviors via ChemR23.Psychopharmacology · 2018Article
- Resolvin D1 and D2 Reverse Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Depression-Like Behaviors Through the mTORC1 Signaling Pathway.The international journal of neuropsychopharmacology · 2017Article
- Amygdala response to explicit sad face stimuli at baseline predicts antidepressant treatment response to scopolamine in major depressive disorder.Psychiatry research. Neuroimaging · 2016Article
- Emerging treatment mechanisms for depression: focus on glutamate and synaptic plasticity.Drug discovery today · 2016Review
- Towards new mechanisms: an update on therapeutics for treatment-resistant major depressive disorder.Molecular psychiatry · 2015Review
- Rodent models of treatment-resistant depression.European journal of pharmacology · 2015Review
- Challenging Treatment-Resistant Major Depressive Disorder: A Roadmap for Improved Therapeutics.Current neuropharmacology · 2015Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundThe intravenous administration of scopolamine produces rapid antidepressant effects. Generally, failing multiple previous antidepressant trials is associated with a poor prognosis for response to future medications. This study evaluated whether treatment history predicts antidepressant response to scopolamine.
methodsTreatment resistant patients (2 failed medication trials) (n=31) and treatment naïve patients (no exposure to psychotropic medication) (n=31) with recurrent major depressive or bipolar disorder participated in a double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover clinical trial. Following a placebo lead-in, participants randomly received P/S or S/P (P=3 placebo; S=3 scopolamine (4ug/kg) sessions 3 to 5 days apart). The Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS) was the primary outcome measure. A linear mixed model was used to examine the interaction between clinical response and treatment history, adjusting for baseline MADRS.
resultsTreatment resistant and treatment naïve subjects combined responded significantly to scopolamine compared to placebo (F=15.06, p<0.001). Reduction in depressive symptoms was significant by the first post-scopolamine session (F=42.75, p<0.001). A treatment history by scopolamine session interaction (F=3.37, p=0.04) indicated treatment naïve subjects had lower MADRS scores than treatment resistant patients; this was significant after the second scopolamine infusion (t=2.15, p=0.03). LIMITATIONS: Post-hoc analysis: Also, we used a single regimen to administer scopolamine, and smokers were excluded from the sample, limiting generalizability.
conclusionsTreatment naïve and treatment resistant patients showed improved clinical symptoms following scopolamine, while those who were treatment naïve showed greater improvement. Scopolamine rapidly reduces symptoms in both treatment history groups, and demonstrates sustained improvement even in treatment resistant patients.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.