ReviewMolecular cell2014
CRISPR-Cas systems: Prokaryotes upgrade to adaptive immunity.
Review in Molecular cell, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 443 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
443 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 891 citations in OpenAlex.
- CRISPR-Cas systems as next-generation antimicrobials: a systemic review of mechanisms, delivery strategies, and translational challenges.Frontiers in microbiology · 2026Pooled it
- CRIPSR-Cas for hepatitis virus: a systematic review and meta-analysis of diagnostic test accuracy studies.Frontiers in microbiology · 2025Pooled it
- Advanced gene editing technologies for oncology mechanisms, applications, and clinical implementation.Cancer gene therapy · 2026Review
- An inducer-independent, single-plasmid CRISPR-Cas9 system for genome editing in Bacillus species.Applied microbiology and biotechnology · 2026Article
- Comprehensive Evaluation of Safety and Probiotic Potential of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum HY7715 Isolated from Korean kimchi.Probiotics and antimicrobial proteins · 2026Article
- Establishment of rapid identification methods of menstrual blood based on SHERLOCK technology.International journal of legal medicine · 2026Article
- CRISPR application in hematological disorders: from bench to bedside.Blood advances · 2026Review
- Mass spectrometry based identification of AMP-O-Tris generated by Thermococcus onnurineus Cas10.FEBS open bio · 2026Article
- Bacterial immune systems.Antonie van Leeuwenhoek · 2026Review
- Nanotechnology-Enabled CRISPR Delivery: Emerging Opportunities in Agriculture and Forest Biotechnology.Plants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Environmental benzene exposure induces a conserved neutrophil degranulation program across species.Toxicological sciences : an official journal of the Society of Toxicology · 2026Article
- Article
- Programmed Cell Death of Endothelial Cells in Ischemic Heart Disease: Mechanism and Potential Cell and Gene Therapeutic Prospects.Bioengineering (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- CRISPR/Cas13a: Compensatory Target Activation Mechanism.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Article
- A leader-repeat hairpin blocks extraneous CRISPR RNA production in diverse CRISPR-Cas13 systems.The EMBO journal · 2026Article
- Genetically Modified Lactic Acid Bacteria in the EU Food Chain: Applications, Benefits, and Risk Assessment.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Niallia yueguangensis sp. nov., a novel bacterium from maize rhizosphere in saline-alkaline soil enhancing plant salt tolerance.BMC microbiology · 2026Article
- A Rapid Visual Detection Method forAnimals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2026Article
- Decoding the genome of Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis VCRC B668 to understand its mosquitocidal potential for biopesticide development.Brazilian journal of microbiology : [publication of the Brazilian Society for Microbiology] · 2026Article
- Pangenome Analysis and Genome-Guided Probiotic Evaluation of Cyclic Dipeptides Producing Levilactobacillus brevis DY55bre Strain from a Lactic Acid Fermented Shalgam to Assess Its Metabolic, Probiotic Potentials, and Cytotoxic Effects on Colorectal Cancer Cells.Probiotics and antimicrobial proteins · 2026Article
383 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR), and associated proteins (Cas) comprise the CRISPR-Cas system, which confers adaptive immunity against exogenic elements in many bacteria and most archaea. CRISPR-mediated immunization occurs through the uptake of DNA from invasive genetic elements such as plasmids and viruses, followed by its integration into CRISPR loci. These loci are subsequently transcribed and processed into small interfering RNAs that guide nucleases for specific cleavage of complementary sequences. Conceptually, CRISPR-Cas shares functional features with the mammalian adaptive immune system, while also exhibiting characteristics of Lamarckian evolution. Because immune markers spliced from exogenous agents are integrated iteratively in CRISPR loci, they constitute a genetic record of vaccination events and reflect environmental conditions and changes over time. Cas endonucleases, which can be reprogrammed by small guide RNAs have shown unprecedented potential and flexibility for genome editing and can be repurposed for numerous DNA targeting applications including transcriptional control.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.