ArticleImmunology2014
Mycobacterium indicus pranii and Mycobacterium bovis BCG lead to differential macrophage activation in Toll-like receptor-dependent manner.
Article in Immunology, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 30 papers.
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Who cites it
30 citing papers in PubMed, 45 citations in OpenAlex.
- What Does Bacteria Have to Do with Cancer? The Influence of the Body's Microbiota on Cancer in Cats and Dogs.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Intranasal BCG vaccination induces systemic and pulmonary mucosal immune responses against tuberculosis in a goat model.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
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- Tumor-associated macrophages as a potential therapeutic target in thyroid cancers.Cancer immunology, immunotherapy : CII · 2023Review
- Hacking the Immune Response to Solid Tumors: Harnessing the Anti-Cancer Capacities of Oncolytic Bacteria.Pharmaceutics · 2023Review
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- Intravesical BCG in bladder cancer induces innate immune responses against SARS-CoV-2.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Article
- Intravesical BCG in patients with non-muscle invasive bladder cancer induces trained immunity and decreases respiratory infections.Journal for immunotherapy of cancer · 2023Observational
- Cytokine Storm and Immunomodulation in COVID-19.Indian journal of critical care medicine : peer-reviewed, official publication of Indian Society of Critical Care Medicine · 2021Article
- The role of HIF-1α in BCG-stimulated macrophages polarization and their tumoricidal effects in vitro.Medical microbiology and immunology · 2021Article
- Comparative Study of the Susceptibility to Oxidative Stress between Two Types of Mycobacterium bovis BCG Tokyo 172.mSphere · 2021Article
- Characterizing the BCG Induced Macrophage and Neutrophil Mechanisms for Defense AgainstFrontiers in immunology · 2020Article
- Mycobacterium indicus pranii therapy induces tumor regression in MyD88- and TLR2-dependent manner.BMC research notes · 2019Article
- Recent clinical trends in Toll-like receptor targeting therapeutics.Medicinal research reviews · 2019Review
- Myeloid differentiation primary response protein 88 (MyD88)-deficient dendritic cells exhibit a skewed cytokine response to BCG.BMC research notes · 2019Article
- Functional aspects, phenotypic heterogeneity, and tissue immune response of macrophages in infectious diseases.Infection and drug resistance · 2019Article
- Article
- Article
- Enhanced survival of BCG-stimulated dendritic cells: involvement of anti-apoptotic proteins and NF-κB.Biology open · 2018Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Mycobacterium indicus pranii (MIP) is an atypical mycobacterial species possessing strong immunomodulatory properties. It is a potent vaccine candidate against tuberculosis, promotes Th1 immune response and protects mice from tumours. In previous studies, we demonstrated higher protective efficacy of MIP against experimental tuberculosis as compared with bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG). Since macrophages play an important role in the pathology of mycobacterial diseases and cancer, in the present study, we evaluated the MIP in live and killed form for macrophage activation potential, compared it with BCG and investigated the underlying mechanisms. High levels of tumour necrosis factor-α, interleukin-12p40 (IL-12p40), IL-6 and nitric oxide were produced by MIP-stimulated macrophages as compared with BCG-stimulated macrophages. Prominent up-regulation of co-stimulatory molecules CD40, CD80 and CD86 was also observed in response to MIP. Loss of response in MyD88-deficient macrophages showed that both MIP and BCG activate the macrophages in a MyD88-dependent manner. MyD88 signalling pathway culminates in nuclear factor-κB/activator protein-1 (NF-κB/AP-1) activation and higher activation of NF-κB/AP-1 was observed in response to MIP. With the help of pharmacological inhibitors and Toll-like receptor (TLR) -deficient macrophages, we observed the role of TLR2, TLR4 and intracellular TLRs in MIP-mediated macrophage activation. Stimulation of HEK293 cells expressing TLR2 in homodimeric or heterodimeric form showed that MIP has a distinctly higher level of TLR2 agonist activity compared with BCG. Further experiments suggested that TLR2 ligands are well exposed in MIP whereas they are obscured in BCG. Our findings establish the higher macrophage activation potential of MIP compared with BCG and delineate the underlying mechanism.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.