ReviewExpert opinion on pharmacotherapy2014
Multidrug-resistant and extensively drug-resistant Gram-negative pathogens: current and emerging therapeutic approaches.
Review in Expert opinion on pharmacotherapy, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 135 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
135 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 317 citations in OpenAlex.
- A Systematic Review of Pharmacokinetic Studies of Colistin and Polymyxin B in Adult Populations.Clinical pharmacokinetics · 2025Pooled it
- Systematic review and meta-analysis on the carbapenem-resistant hypervirulent Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates.BMC pharmacology & toxicology · 2025Pooled it
- Guideline
- Effective Abatement of Multidrug-resistant Pathogens Employing Natural Polyphenols and Polyphenol-based Formulations: A Systematic Review and Integrated Network Pharmacology Approach.Applied biochemistry and biotechnology · 2026Review
- Genome-Wide In Silico Analysis of the Type VI Secretion System (T6SS) Within the Morganella Genus.MicrobiologyOpen · 2026Article
- Global spread and evolution of KPC-2 and NDM-1-producing Gram-negative bacteria.Science China. Life sciences · 2026Article
- Early procalcitonin kinetics as an independent predictor of mortality in multi-drug resistant Klebsiella spp. bloodstream infections: a retrospective cohort study.BMC infectious diseases · 2026Observational
- Observational
- Natural Compound-Loaded PLGA Nanocarriers for Infected Wound Management: A Review.International journal of nanomedicine · 2026Review
- Active surveillance cultures for multidrug-resistant Gram-negative organisms in the intensive care unit: is it necessary to conduct them weekly?GMS hygiene and infection control · 2026Article
- Stimuli-responsive nanocarriers for precision targeted and controlled antimicrobial drug delivery in drug-resistant infections.Frontiers in microbiology · 2026Review
- Co-occurrence of mcr-1 and mcr-3 mobilized colistin resistance genes among carbapenem-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa in Iran.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Detection of AcrAB efflux pump mediated ciprofloxacin resistance in Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae in Nepal.BMC infectious diseases · 2025Article
- Colistin resistance in the era of antimicrobial resistance: challenges and strategic countermeasures.Folia microbiologica · 2025Review
- Development of an LC-MS/MS method for quantification of colistin and colistin methanesulfonate in human plasma and its application to stability studies and therapeutic drug monitoring.Journal of mass spectrometry and advances in the clinical lab · 2025Article
- Unveiling the impact: COVID-19's influence on bacterial resistance in the Kingdom of Bahrain.World journal of virology · 2025Article
- Advanced Therapeutic Interventions TargetingArchives of Razi Institute · 2025Review
- Metabolomics reveals the mechanisms of action of fosfomycin and azithromycin combination in the treatment ofFrontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2025Article
- Successful Treatment of Extensively Drug-ResistantInfection and drug resistance · 2025Article
- Successful Treatment of MDRClinical case reports · 2024Article
75 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
introductionIn the era of multidrug-resistant, extensively drug-resistant (XDR) and even pandrug-resistant Gram-negative microorganisms, the medical community is facing the threat of untreatable infections particularly those caused by carbapenemase-producing bacteria, that is, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Acinetobacter baumannii. Therefore, all the presently available antibiotics, as well as for the near future compounds, are presented and discussed. AREAS COVERED: Current knowledge concerning mechanisms of action, in vitro activity and interactions, pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamics, clinical efficacy and toxicity issues for revived and novel antimicrobial agents overcoming current resistance mechanisms, including colistin, tigecycline, fosfomycin, temocillin, carbapenems, and antibiotics still under development for the near future such as plazomicin, eravacycline and carbapenemase inhibitors is discussed. EXPERT OPINION: Colistin is active in vitro and effective in vivo against XDR carbapenemase-producing microorganisms in the critically ill host, whereas tigecycline, with the exception of P. aeruginosa, has a similar spectrum of activity. The efficacy of combination therapy in bacteremias and ventilator-associated pneumonia caused by K. pneumoniae carbapenemase producers seems to be obligatory, whereas in cases of P. aeruginosa and A. baumannii its efficacy is questionable. Fosfomycin, which is active against P. aeruginosa and K. pneumoniae, although promising, shares poor experience in XDR infections. The in vivo validity of the newer potent compounds still necessitates the evaluation of Phase III clinical trials particularly in XDR infections.
Indexed as
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.