ReviewCancer immunology research2014
Oncolytic viruses and their application to cancer immunotherapy.
Review in Cancer immunology research, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 239 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
239 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 388 citations in OpenAlex.
- The effect of oncolytic virotherapy on pediatric brain tumor- a systematic review.Child's nervous system : ChNS : official journal of the International Society for Pediatric Neurosurgery · 2025Pooled it
- A bibliometric review of oncolytic virus research as a novel approach for cancer therapy.Virology journal · 2021Pooled it
- Comparative effect of immunotherapy and standard therapy in patients with high grade glioma: a meta-analysis of published clinical trials.Scientific reports · 2018Pooled it
- Anti-cancer efficacy of combined vaccine-strain measles and mumps viruses against colorectal cancer: an experimental study.Molecular biology reports · 2026Article
- Tuning epigenetics to enhance cancer virotherapy.Acta pharmaceutica Sinica. B · 2026Review
- The mycobiome, virome and archaeome in gastrointestinal cancers: molecular pathogenesis and therapeutic intervention.Molecular cancer · 2026Review
- Precision reirradiation in recurrent CNS tumors integrating biology techniques and multimodal care.Discover oncology · 2026Review
- Oncolytic Virotherapy and Immunogenic Cell Death: Mechanisms, Platforms, and Clinical Translation.Viruses · 2026Review
- Vinorelbine enhances the efficacy of oncolytic vaccinia virus in a preclinical model of ovarian high-grade serous carcinoma.Molecular therapy. Oncology · 2026Article
- Oncolytic viruses: advanced strategies in cancer therapy.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2026Review
- Review
- Therapeutic vaccination for glioblastoma elicited by retargeted oncolytic herpes virus.Journal for immunotherapy of cancer · 2026Article
- The emerging role of oncolytic virotherapy in genitourinary malignancies.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2026Review
- Reprogramming the immunosuppressive microenvironment in glioblastoma: the microglia-MDSC-Treg axis and translational therapeutic strategies.Frontiers in oncology · 2026Review
- Oncolytic virus VT1092M synergizes with immune checkpoint inhibitors against intraperitoneal metastases of colorectal cancer.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Inducing tumor-intrinsic innate immune response to break cancer immunotherapy resistance.Frontiers in medicine · 2026Review
- Decoding the immune microenvironment: precision immunotherapy for medulloblastoma subtypes.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Review
- Emerging Oncolytic Viruses: Beyond Adenoviruses and Herpes Simplex Virus.Journal of Cancer · 2026Review
- Review
179 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
- Erratum issued
Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Oncolytic viruses (OV) selectively replicate and kill cancer cells and spread within the tumor, while not harming normal tissue. In addition to this direct oncolytic activity, OVs are also very effective at inducing immune responses to themselves and to the infected tumor cells. OVs encompass a broad diversity of DNA and RNA viruses that are naturally cancer selective or can be genetically engineered. OVs provide a diverse platform for immunotherapy; they act as in situ vaccines and can be armed with immunomodulatory transgenes or combined with other immunotherapies. However, the interactions of OVs with the immune system may affect therapeutic outcomes in opposing fashions: negatively by limiting virus replication and/or spread, or positively by inducing antitumor immune responses. Many aspects of the OV-tumor/host interaction are important in delineating the effectiveness of therapy: (i) innate immune responses and the degree of inflammation induced; (ii) types of virus-induced cell death; (iii) inherent tumor physiology, such as infiltrating and resident immune cells, vascularity/hypoxia, lymphatics, and stromal architecture; and (iv) tumor cell phenotype, including alterations in IFN signaling, oncogenic pathways, cell surface immune markers [MHC, costimulatory, and natural killer (NK) receptors], and the expression of immunosuppressive factors. Recent clinical trials with a variety of OVs, especially those expressing granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), have demonstrated efficacy and induction of antitumor immune responses in the absence of significant toxicity. Manipulating the balance between antivirus and antitumor responses, often involving overlapping immune pathways, will be critical to the clinical success of OVs.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.