ArticleDiabetologia2014
Calcium and phosphate concentrations and future development of type 2 diabetes: the Insulin Resistance Atherosclerosis Study.
Article in Diabetologia, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 39 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
39 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 77 citations in OpenAlex.
- Circulating calcium levels and the risk of type 2 diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis.The British journal of nutrition · 2019Pooled it
- Serum calcium and incident diabetes: an observational study and meta-analysis.Osteoporosis international : a journal established as result of cooperation between the European Foundation for Osteoporosis and the National Osteoporosis Foundation of the USA · 2016Pooled it
- The dietary calcium-to-magnesium ratio and its association with glycemic control in type 2 diabetes: a cross-sectional study.Biometals : an international journal on the role of metal ions in biology, biochemistry, and medicine · 2026Article
- Associations between preservative food additives and type 2 diabetes incidence in the NutriNet-Santé prospective cohort.Nature communications · 2026Article
- The association between calcium-phosphorus product and hyperuricemia varied in BMI groups: a mediation analysis study.Clinical rheumatology · 2025Article
- Hemoglobin A1C: Intracellular Heterogeneity and Functional Implications in Prediabetic and T2 Diabetic Erythrocytes.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Article
- Nutritional intake of micronutrient and macronutrient and type 2 diabetes: machine learning schemes.Journal of health, population, and nutrition · 2025Article
- Involvement of Phosphate and the Consequences of Its High Consumption in Energy Metabolism and Muscle Functions.Journal of nutrition and metabolism · 2025Review
- Association of serum calcium and metabolically healthy obese in US adults: a cross-sectional study.Annals of medicine · 2024Article
- U-shaped association between serum calcium and in-hospital mortality in diabetes patients with congestive heart failure: a cohort study.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Microelement strontium and human health: comprehensive analysis of the role in inflammation and non-communicable diseases (NCDs).Frontiers in chemistry · 2024Review
- Exploration of the Shared Hub Genes and Biological Mechanism in Osteoporosis and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus based on Machine Learning.Biochemical genetics · 2023Article
- Association Between Primary Hyperparathyroidism and Secondary Diabetes Mellitus: Findings From a Scoping Review.Cureus · 2023Article
- Sexual dimorphisms in serum calcium and phosphate concentrations in the Rotterdam Study.Scientific reports · 2023Article
- Interaction between inorganic phosphate concentration and glucose metabolism in mild refeeding syndrome model.Journal of clinical biochemistry and nutrition · 2023Article
- The Association between Admission Serum Phosphorus and Preoperative Deep Venous Thrombosis in Geriatric Hip Fracture: A Retrospective Study.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- A Review of Current Evidence on the Relationship between Phosphate Metabolism and Metabolic Syndrome.Nutrients · 2022Review
- Phosphate Dysregulation and Metabolic Syndrome.Nutrients · 2022Article
- Perspectives on the systematic review for the 2020 Dietary Reference Intakes for Koreans for calcium.Nutrition research and practice · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
aims/hypothesisLow phosphate and high calcium concentrations have been linked to altered glucose tolerance and reduced insulin sensitivity in non-diabetic individuals. The aim of this study was to examine the relationships of calcium and phosphate levels and the calcium-phosphate product with the development of type 2 diabetes.
methodsParticipants were 863 African-Americans, Hispanics and non-Hispanic whites in the Insulin Resistance Atherosclerosis Study who were free of diabetes at baseline. The mean follow-up period was 5.2 years. The insulin sensitivity index (SI) and acute insulin response (AIR) were directly measured using the frequently sampled IVGTT.
resultsCalcium concentration (OR per 1 SD unit increase, 1.26 [95% CI 1.04, 1.53]) and calcium-phosphate product (OR 1.29 [95% CI 1.04, 1.59]) were associated with incident diabetes after adjustment for demographic variables, family history of diabetes, and 2 h glucose. The relationship between phosphate concentration and progression to diabetes was close to statistical significance (OR 1.21 [95% CI 0.98, 1.49]). Calcium concentration (OR 1.37 [95% CI 1.09, 1.72]) and calcium-phosphate product (OR 1.39 [95% CI 1.09, 1.77]) remained associated with incident diabetes after additional adjustment for BMI, plasma glucose, SI, AIR, C-reactive protein, estimated GFR, diuretic drugs and total calcium intake. CONCLUSIONS/
interpretationElevated serum calcium and calcium-phosphate product are associated with increased risk of developing type 2 diabetes independently of measured glucose, insulin secretion and insulin resistance. Future studies need to analyse the role of calcium-phosphate homeostasis in the pathophysiology of diabetes.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.