ArticleScience (New York, N.Y.)2014
Structure-guided transformation of channelrhodopsin into a light-activated chloride channel.
Article in Science (New York, N.Y.), 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 190 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
190 citing papers in PubMed.
- Crosstalk-free optical indicator-actuator combinations for bidirectional optogenetics.npj biomedical innovations · 2026Review
- Val109 and Ile170 contribute to channel function in Guillardia theta-derived anion channelrhodopsins.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Causal links between serotonin dynamics and cued fear learning: evidence from experimental studies.Frontiers in computational neuroscience · 2026Review
- Roadmap for direct and indirect translation of optogenetics into discoveries and therapies for humans.Nature neuroscience · 2025Review
- Digitizing the Blue Light-Activated T7 RNA Polymerase System with aACS synthetic biology · 2025Article
- Pore-Opening and Ion-Conduction Mechanism in Channelrhodopsins C1C2, ChR2, and iChloC by Computational Electrophysiology and Constant-pH Simulations.Journal of chemical information and modeling · 2025Article
- Nano-formulations in disease therapy: designs, advances, challenges, and future directions.Journal of nanobiotechnology · 2025Review
- Elucidation of Expression Patterns and Functional Properties of Archaerhodopsin Derived fromBiology · 2025Article
- Combined Mutational and Spectroscopic Study on the Calcium-Related Kinetic Effects on the VirChR1 Photocycle.The journal of physical chemistry. B · 2025Article
- Structural Insights Into the Opening Mechanism of C1C2 Channelrhodopsin.Journal of the American Chemical Society · 2025Article
- HulaChrimson: A Chrimson-like cation channelrhodopsin discovered using freshwater metatranscriptomics from Lake Hula.Biophysics and physicobiology · 2025Article
- Sodium-Selective Channelrhodopsins.Cells · 2024Review
- Article
- BEAM: A combinatorial recombinase toolbox for binary gene expression and mosaic genetic analysis.Cell reports · 2024Article
- Channelrhodopsins with distinct chromophores and binding patterns.Nature communications · 2024Article
- Optogenetic Determination of Dynamic and Cell-Type-Specific Inhibitory Reversal Potentials.The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience · 2024Article
- Unraveling the Neural Circuits: Techniques, Opportunities and Challenges in Epilepsy Research.Cellular and molecular neurobiology · 2024Review
- Metadynamics simulations reveal mechanisms of Na+ and Ca2+ transport in two open states of the channelrhodopsin chimera, C1C2.PloS one · 2024Article
- Modulating cardiac physiology in engineered heart tissue with the bidirectional optogenetic tool BiPOLES.Pflugers Archiv : European journal of physiology · 2023Article
- Article
130 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
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Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Using light to silence electrical activity in targeted cells is a major goal of optogenetics. Available optogenetic proteins that directly move ions to achieve silencing are inefficient, pumping only a single ion per photon across the cell membrane rather than allowing many ions per photon to flow through a channel pore. Building on high-resolution crystal-structure analysis, pore vestibule modeling, and structure-guided protein engineering, we designed and characterized a class of channelrhodopsins (originally cation-conducting) converted into chloride-conducting anion channels. These tools enable fast optical inhibition of action potentials and can be engineered to display step-function kinetics for stable inhibition, outlasting light pulses and for orders-of-magnitude-greater light sensitivity of inhibited cells. The resulting family of proteins defines an approach to more physiological, efficient, and sensitive optogenetic inhibition.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.