ReviewLupus2014
Environmental exposures, epigenetic changes and the risk of lupus.
Review in Lupus, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 59 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
59 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 115 citations in OpenAlex.
- Assessing and improving communication strategies among healthcare providers and African American individuals with systemic lupus: a scoping review.BMC rheumatology · 2026Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Immunopathogenesis and Therapeutics of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: an Integrative Review.Clinical reviews in allergy & immunology · 2025Review
- Association between environmental endocrine disruptors and autoimmune diseases: A systematic review and meta-analysis.iScience · 2025Article
- Article
- Enhancement of CD8Journal of translational autoimmunity · 2025Article
- Concurrent Systemic Lupus Erythematosus and Hashimoto's Thyroiditis: Clinical Patterns From Two Cases in Southwestern Nigeria.Case reports in endocrinology · 2025Article
- A Case of Hydralazine-Induced ANCA Vasculitis/Lupus Overlap Syndrome Presenting as Persistent Bicytopenia.Case reports in rheumatology · 2025Article
- Environmental and Genetic Determinants of Ankylosing Spondylitis.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- Understanding Autoimmunity: Mechanisms, Predisposing Factors, and Cytokine Therapies.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- A Personalized Intervention to Increase Environmental Health Literacy and Readiness to Change in a Northern Nevada Population: Effects of Environmental Chemical Exposure Report-Back.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2024Article
- Crosstalk between Inflammation and Atherosclerosis in Rheumatoid Arthritis and Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: Is There a Common Basis?Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Associations between CD70 methylation of T cell DNA and age in adults with systemic lupus erythematosus and population controls: The Michigan Lupus Epidemiology & Surveillance (MILES) Program.Journal of autoimmunity · 2024Article
- Environment and systemic autoimmune rheumatic diseases: an overview and future directions.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Review
- Differential impact of environmental factors on systemic and localized autoimmunity.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Review
- Risk perceptions of drinking bottled vs. tap water in a low-income community on the US-Mexico Border.BMC public health · 2022Article
- The Role of Oxidative Stress in Epigenetic Changes Underlying Autoimmunity.Antioxidants & redox signaling · 2022Review
- Epigenetic Aspects and Prospects in Autoimmune Hepatitis.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Review
- Lupus nephritis: The regulatory interplay between epigenetic and MicroRNAs.Frontiers in physiology · 2022Review
- Contribution of Dysregulated DNA Methylation to Autoimmunity.International journal of molecular sciences · 2021Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
A dose-dependent combination of environmental exposures, estrogenic hormones and genetic predisposition is thought to be required for lupus to develop and flare, but how the environment modifies the immune system in genetically predisposed people is unclear. Current evidence indicates that environmental agents that inhibit DNA methylation can convert normal antigen-specific CD4+ T lymphocytes into autoreactive, cytotoxic, pro-inflammatory cells that are sufficient to cause lupus-like autoimmunity in animal models, and that the same changes in DNA methylation characterize CD4+ T cells from patients with active lupus. Environmental agents implicated in inhibiting T-cell DNA methylation include the lupus-inducing drugs procainamide and hydralazine, as well as diet, and agents causing oxidative stress, such as smoking, UV light exposure, and infections, which have been associated with lupus onset or disease activity. Other studies demonstrate that demethylated T cells cause only anti-DNA antibodies in mice lacking a genetic predisposition to lupus, but are sufficient to cause lupus-like autoimmunity in genetically predisposed mice and likely people, and that estrogens augment the disease. Collectively, these studies suggest that environmental agents that inhibit DNA methylation, together with lupus genes and estrogens or endocrine disruptors, combine in a dose-dependent fashion to cause lupus flares.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.