Evidence map›Paper›PMID 24763306›Full record

SynthesisPloS one2014

Almost all antipsychotics result in weight gain: a meta-analysis.

Maarten Bak, Annemarie Fransen, Jouke Janssen, Jim van Os, Marjan Drukker

Registry-linked trialOpen access · goldAbstract readMeta-Analysis
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Synthesis in PloS one, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT07770282 (Efficacy and Safety of Semaglutide Versus Placebo on Cardiometabolic Profile in Patients With Schizophrenia With Metabolic Syndrome), which is not on this map. Cited by 211 papers, 19 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
211citing papers in PubMed, 19 pooled it
23.5field-weighted citation impact, top 1% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

NCT07770282 phase3not yet recruitingstarted 2026, after this paper: background citation

Efficacy and Safety of Semaglutide Versus Placebo on Cardiometabolic Profile in Patients With Schizophrenia With Metabolic Syndrome: A Multicentre, Double-Blind, Randomised Controlled Trial (ESCaMS Trial)

Ran2026Enrolled600Registered outcomes10Posted comparisons0ConditionsAntipsychotic-induced Weight Gain, Cardiovascular Risk, Insulin Resistance, Metabolic SyndromeArmsPlacebo + TAU, Semaglutide + TAU
PMID 10553730PMID 22207632PMID 20692814PMID 18466668PMID 17909124other papers from this trial
Open the trial in the graph
3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

211 citing papers in PubMed, 19 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 484 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Pooled it
  3. Pooled it
  4. Pooled it
  5. Pooled it
  6. Pooled it
  7. Pooled it
  8. Pooled it
  9. Pooled it
  10. Pooled it
  11. Pooled it
  12. Pooled it
  13. Pooled it
  14. Pooled it
  15. Pooled it
  16. Atypical antipsychotics, insulin resistance and weight; a meta-analysis of healthy volunteer studies.Progress in neuro-psychopharmacology & biological psychiatry · 2018
    Pooled it
  17. Pediatric Obesity-Assessment, Treatment, and Prevention: An Endocrine Society Clinical Practice Guideline.The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism · 2017 · on this map
    Guideline
  18. Pooled it
  19. Pooled it
  20. Trial

151 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.

Maarten BakMaastricht University Medical Centre, South Limburg Mental Health Research and Teaching Network, EURON, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
Annemarie FransenMaxima Medical Centre Dep. of gynaecology, Veldhoven, The Netherlands.
Jouke JanssenMaastricht University Medical Centre, South Limburg Mental Health Research and Teaching Network, EURON, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
Jim van OsMaastricht University Medical Centre, South Limburg Mental Health Research and Teaching Network, EURON, Maastricht, The Netherlands; King's College London, King's Health Partners, Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, London, United Kingdom.
Marjan DrukkerMaastricht University Medical Centre, South Limburg Mental Health Research and Teaching Network, EURON, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
European Graduate School of Neuroscience · NLMaastricht University Medical Centre · NLMáxima Medisch Centrum · NL

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

introductionAntipsychotics (AP) induce weight gain. However, reviews and meta-analyses generally are restricted to second generation antipsychotics (SGA) and do not stratify for duration of AP use. It is hypothesised that patients gain more weight if duration of AP use is longer.

methodA meta-analysis was conducted of clinical trials of AP that reported weight change. Outcome measures were body weight change, change in BMI and clinically relevant weight change (7% weight gain or loss). Duration of AP-use was stratified as follows: ≤6 weeks, 6-16 weeks, 16-38 weeks and >38 weeks. Forest plots stratified by AP as well as by duration of use were generated and results were summarised in figures.

results307 articles met inclusion criteria. The majority were AP switch studies. Almost all AP showed a degree of weight gain after prolonged use, except for amisulpride, aripiprazole and ziprasidone, for which prolonged exposure resulted in negligible weight change. The level of weight gain per AP varied from discrete to severe. Contrary to expectations, switch of AP did not result in weight loss for amisulpride, aripiprazole or ziprasidone. In AP-naive patients, weight gain was much more pronounced for all AP.

conclusionGiven prolonged exposure, virtually all AP are associated with weight gain. The rational of switching AP to achieve weight reduction may be overrated. In AP-naive patients, weight gain is more pronounced.

Indexed as

Antipsychotic AgentsBipolar DisorderBody Mass IndexHumansOverweightSchizophreniaWeight GainAntipsychotic Agents

Identifiers

PMID24763306
PMCPMC3998960
OpenAlexW2089001223

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.