ArticlePLoS neglected tropical diseases2014
Characterization of the early inflammatory infiltrate at the feeding site of infected sand flies in mice protected from vector-transmitted Leishmania major by exposure to uninfected bites.
Article in PLoS neglected tropical diseases, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 23 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
23 citing papers in PubMed, 32 citations in OpenAlex.
- Th17 Cell and Inflammatory Infiltrate Interactions in Cutaneous Leishmaniasis: Unraveling Immunopathogenic Mechanisms.Immune network · 2024Review
- Immune response profiles from humans experimentally exposed toFrontiers in immunology · 2024Article
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- Arboviruses: How Saliva Impacts the Journey from Vector to Host.International journal of molecular sciences · 2021Review
- Immune response dynamics and Lutzomyia longipalpis exposure characterize a biosignature of visceral leishmaniasis susceptibility in a canine cohort.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2021Article
- A clinical study to optimise a sand fly biting protocol for use in a controlled human infection model of cutaneous leishmaniasis (the FLYBITE study).Wellcome open research · 2021Article
- Engineering a vector-based pan-Leishmania vaccine for humans: proof of principle.Scientific reports · 2020Article
- Conserved and distinct morphological aspects of the salivary glands of sand fly vectors of leishmaniasis: an anatomical and ultrastructural study.Parasites & vectors · 2020Article
- A prospective cohort study of Cutaneous Leishmaniasis due to Leishmania major: Dynamics of the Leishmanin skin test and its predictive value for protection against infection and disease.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2020Article
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- More than just exosomes: distinctJournal of extracellular vesicles · 2019Article
- DNA plasmid coding for Phlebotomus sergenti salivary protein PsSP9, a member of the SP15 family of proteins, protects against Leishmania tropica.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2019Article
- Article
- Immunization with LJM11 salivary protein protects against infection with Leishmania braziliensis in the presence of Lutzomyia longipalpis saliva.Acta tropica · 2018Article
- Insights into the sand fly saliva: Blood-feeding and immune interactions between sand flies, hosts, and Leishmania.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2017Review
- Structure of SALO, a leishmaniasis vaccine candidate from the sand fly Lutzomyia longipalpis.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2017Article
- Immunity to Lutzomyia whitmani Saliva Protects against Experimental Leishmania braziliensis Infection.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2016Article
- Natural Mosquito-Pathogen Hybrid IgG4 Antibodies in Vector-Borne Diseases: A Hypothesis.Frontiers in immunology · 2016Article
- Cutaneous Leishmaniasis Vaccination: A Matter of Quality.Frontiers in immunology · 2016Review
- Natural transmission of Leishmania infantum through experimentally infected Phlebotomus perniciosus highlights the virulence of Leishmania parasites circulating in the human visceral leishmaniasis outbreak in Madrid, Spain.Veterinary research · 2015Article
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundMice exposed to sand fly saliva are protected against vector-transmitted Leishmania major. Although protection has been related to IFN-γ producing T cells, the early inflammatory response orchestrating this outcome has not been defined. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL
findingsMice exposed to uninfected P. duboscqi bites and naïve mice were challenged with L. major-infected flies to characterize their early immune response at the bite site. Mostly, chemokine and cytokine transcript expression post-infected bites was amplified in exposed compared to naïve mice. In exposed mice, induced chemokines were mostly involved in leukocyte recruitment and T cell and NK cell activation; IL-4 was expressed at 6 h followed by IFN-γ and iNOS2 as well as IL-5 and IL-10 expression. In naïve animals, the transcript expression following Leishmania-infected sand fly bites was suppressed. Expression profiles translated to an earlier and significantly larger recruitment of leukocytes including neutrophils, macrophages, Gr+ monocytes, NK cells and CD4+ T cells to the bite site of exposed compared to naïve mice post-infected bites. Additionally, up to 48 hours post-infected bites the number of IFN-γ-producing CD4+ T cells and NK cells arriving at the bite site was significantly higher in exposed compared to naïve mice. Thereafter, NK cells become cytolytic and persist at the bite site up to a week post-bite. CONCLUSION/SIGNIFICANCE: The quiet environment induced by a Leishmania-infected sand fly bite in naïve mice was significantly altered in animals previously exposed to saliva of uninfected flies. We propose that the enhanced recruitment of Gr+ monocytes, NK cells and CD4 Th1 cells observed at the bite site of exposed mice creates an inhospitable environment that counters the establishment of L. major infection.
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