Evidence map›Paper›PMID 24761773›Full record

ArticleHealth and quality of life outcomes2014

Health-related quality of life and socioeconomic status: inequalities among adults with a chronic disease.

Andreas Mielck, Martin Vogelmann, Reiner Leidl

Registry-linked trialAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Health and quality of life outcomes, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT06860425 (Use of a Comprehensive, Mobile Application to Assist Cancer Patients With Diet, Nutrition and Activity), which is not on this map. Cited by 115 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
115citing papers in PubMed, 2 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

NCT06860425 narecruitingnot on this mapstarted 2023, after this paper: background citation

Use of a Comprehensive, Mobile Application to Assist Cancer Patients With Diet, Nutrition and Activity

TypeinterventionalSponsorMontefiore Medical CenterRan2023 to 2027Enrolled50ConditionsMobile Applications, Cancer PatientsArmsRestoreMe
3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

115 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Socio-economic inequalities in fragility fracture outcomes: a systematic review and meta-analysis of prognostic observational studies.Osteoporosis international : a journal established as result of cooperation between the European Foundation for Osteoporosis and the National Osteoporosis Foundation of the USA · 2020
    Pooled it
  3. Trial
  4. Trial
  5. Trial
  6. Assessing Quality of Life in Genetic Cardiomyopathies: A Scoping Review.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2026
    Article
  7. Analysing the impact of complex multimorbidity on health-related quality of life.Quality of life research : an international journal of quality of life aspects of treatment, care and rehabilitation · 2026
    Article
  8. Educational attainment and employment status in lung cancer patients: a nationwide study.Clinical & translational oncology : official publication of the Federation of Spanish Oncology Societies and of the National Cancer Institute of Mexico · 2026
    Article
  9. Article
  10. Article
  11. Are physical activity, sleep, and joint pain associated with physical function and quality of life in individuals with multimorbidity? A cross-sectional analysis of the MOBILIZE trial.Quality of life research : an international journal of quality of life aspects of treatment, care and rehabilitation · 2025
    Article
  12. Article
  13. Article
  14. Review
  15. Article
  16. Article
  17. Article
  18. Article
  19. Observational
  20. Article

55 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

3 authors.

Andreas MielckHelmholtz Zentrum Muenchen, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Institute of Health Economics and Health Care Management, Neuherberg D-85758, PO Box 1129, Germany. mielck@helmholtz-muenchen.de.
Martin Vogelmann
Reiner Leidl

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundA number of studies have shown an association between health-related quality of life (HRQL) and socioeconomic status (SES). Indicators of SES usually serve as potential confounders; associations between SES and HRQL are rarely discussed in their own right. Also, few studies assess the association between HRQL and SES among those with a chronic disease. The study focuses on the question of whether people with the same state of health judge their HRQL differently according to their SES, and whether a bias could be introduced by ignoring these differences.

methodsThe analyses were based on a representative sample of the adult population in Germany (n = 11,177). HRQL was assessed by the EQ-5D-3 L, i.e. the five domains (e.g. 'moderate or severe problems' concerning mobility) and the Visual Analog Scale (VAS). SES was primarily assessed by educational level; age, sex and family status were included as potential confounders. Six chronic diseases were selected, each having a prevalence of at least 1% (e.g. diabetes mellitus). Multivariate analyses were conducted by logistic and linear regression.

resultsAmong adults with a chronic disease, most 'moderate or severe problems' are reported more often in the low (compared with the high) educational group. The same social differences are seen for VAS values, also in subgroups characterized by 'moderate or severe problems'. Gender-specific analyses show that for women the associations with VAS values can just be seen in the total sample. For men, however, they are also present in subgroups defined by 'moderate or severe problems' or by the presence of a chronic disease; some of these differences exceed 10 points on the VAS scale.

conclusionsLow SES groups seem to be faced with a double burden: first, increased levels of health impairments and, second, lower levels of valuated HRQL once health is impaired. These associations should be analysed and discussed in their own right, based on interdisciplinary co-operation. Social epidemiologists could include measures of HRQL in their studies more often, for example, and health economists could consider assessing whether recommendations based on HRQL scales might include a social bias.

Indexed as

Health Status DisparitiesActivities of Daily LivingChronic DiseaseEducational StatusFemaleGermanyHumansMaleMiddle AgedQuality of LifeSeverity of Illness IndexSex FactorsSocioeconomic FactorsVisual Analog Scale

Identifiers

PMID24761773
PMCPMC4011770

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.