ArticleJournal of bone and mineral research : the official journal of the American Society for Bone and Mineral Research2014
Protective association of milk intake on the risk of hip fracture: results from the Framingham Original Cohort.
Article in Journal of bone and mineral research : the official journal of the American Society for Bone and Mineral Research, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 38 papers, 11 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
38 citing papers in PubMed, 11 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 71 citations in OpenAlex.
- Impact of yogurt consumption on bone health markers in adults with or without osteoporosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in nutrition · 2025Pooled it
- Association between total and animal proteins with risk of fracture: A systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis of cohort studies.Osteoporosis international : a journal established as result of cooperation between the European Foundation for Osteoporosis and the National Osteoporosis Foundation of the USA · 2024Pooled it
- Cheese consumption and multiple health outcomes: an umbrella review and updated meta-analysis of prospective studies.Advances in nutrition (Bethesda, Md.) · 2023Pooled it
- Dairy intake and risk of hip fracture in prospective cohort studies: non-linear algorithmic dose-response analysis in 486 950 adults.Journal of nutritional science · 2023Pooled it
- Yogurt, cultured fermented milk, and health: a systematic review.Nutrition reviews · 2021Pooled it
- Systematic review and meta-analysis of the association between dairy consumption and the risk of hip fracture: critical interpretation of the currently available evidence.Osteoporosis international : a journal established as result of cooperation between the European Foundation for Osteoporosis and the National Osteoporosis Foundation of the USA · 2020Pooled it
- Fermented Milk Products and Bone Health in Postmenopausal Women: A Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials, Prospective Cohorts, and Case-Control Studies.Advances in nutrition (Bethesda, Md.) · 2020Pooled it
- Effects of Milk and Dairy Products on the Prevention of Osteoporosis and Osteoporotic Fractures in Europeans and Non-Hispanic Whites from North America: A Systematic Review and Updated Meta-Analysis.Advances in nutrition (Bethesda, Md.) · 2019Pooled it
- Adherence to Mediterranean diet in relation to bone mineral density and risk of fracture: a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies.European journal of nutrition · 2018Pooled it
- Dairy product consumption and risk of hip fracture: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC public health · 2018Pooled it
- Calcium intake and risk of fracture: systematic review.BMJ (Clinical research ed.) · 2015Pooled it
- Calcium and vitamin D fortified milk reduces bone turnover and improves bone density in postmenopausal women over 1 year.European journal of nutrition · 2018Trial
- Article
- Joint association of milk intake and blood 25(OH)D levels with fracture risk in postmenopausal women: 20-year follow-up data from the Japanese Population-Based Osteoporosis cohort study.Osteoporosis international : a journal established as result of cooperation between the European Foundation for Osteoporosis and the National Osteoporosis Foundation of the USA · 2025Article
- Inadequate Calcium and Vitamin D Intake Among Japanese Women During the Perinatal Period: A Cross-Sectional Study with Bone Health Assessment.Nutrients · 2025Article
- Fermented Dairy Products, Musculoskeletal and Mental Health in Older Adults: is There Evidence to Support Benefits that go Beyond Those of Non-Fermented Dairy Products?Calcified tissue international · 2024Review
- Milk intake and hip fracture incidence in community-dwelling old Icelandic adults.Osteoporosis international : a journal established as result of cooperation between the European Foundation for Osteoporosis and the National Osteoporosis Foundation of the USA · 2023Article
- Association between Dairy Product intake and Risk of Osteoporotic Fractures in Postmenopausal Japanese Women: Secondary Analysis of 15-Year Follow-Up data from the Japanese Population-Based Osteoporosis (JPOS) Cohort Study.The journal of nutrition, health & aging · 2023Article
- Association between Dairy Product Intake and Risk of Fracture among Adults: A Cohort Study from China Health and Nutrition Survey.Nutrients · 2022Article
- The Impact of Diet on Bone and Fracture Risk in Diabetes.Current osteoporosis reports · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Dairy foods are rich in bone-beneficial nutrients, yet the role of dairy foods in hip fracture prevention remains controversial. Our objective was to evaluate the association of milk, yogurt, cheese, cream, and milk + yogurt intakes with incident hip fracture in the Framingham Original Cohort. A total of 830 men and women from the Framingham Original Cohort, a prospective cohort study, completed a food-frequency questionnaire (1988 to 1989) and were followed for hip fracture until 2008. In this population-based study, Cox-proportional hazards regression was used to estimate hazard ratios (HR) by categories of energy-adjusted dairy intake (servings/wk), adjusting for standard confounders and covariates. The exposure was energy-adjusted intakes of milk, yogurt, cheese, cream, and milk + yogurt (servings/wk). Risk of hip fracture over the follow-up was the primary outcome; the hypothesis being tested was formulated after data collection. The mean age at baseline was 77 years (SD 4.9, range 68 to 96). Ninety-seven hip fractures occurred over the mean follow-up time of 11.6 years (range 0.04 to 21.9 years). The mean ± SD (servings/wk) of dairy intakes at baseline were: milk = 6.0 ± 6.4; yogurt = 0.4 ± 1.3; cheese = 2.6 ± 3.1; and cream = 3.4 ± 5.5. Participants with medium (>1 and <7 servings/wk) or higher (≥7 servings/wk) milk intake tended to have lower hip fracture risk than those with low (≤1 serving/wk) intake (high versus low intake HR 0.58, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.31-1.06, p = 0.078; medium versus low intake HR 0.61, 95% CI 0.36-1.08, p = 0.071; p trend = 0.178]. There appeared to be a threshold for milk, with 40% lower risk of hip fracture among those with medium/high milk intake compared with those with low intake (p = 0.061). A similar threshold was observed for milk + yogurt intake (p = 0.104). These associations were further attenuated after adjustment for femoral neck bone mineral density. No significant associations were seen for other dairy foods (p range = 0.117 to 0.746). These results suggest that greater intakes of milk and milk + yogurt may lower risk for hip fracture in older adults through mechanisms that are partially, but not entirely, attributable to effects on bone mineral density.
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