ArticlePhysiological reports2014
The mouse cyclophosphamide model of bladder pain syndrome: tissue characterization, immune profiling, and relationship to metabotropic glutamate receptors.
Article in Physiological reports, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 35 papers.
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Who cites it
35 citing papers in PubMed, 62 citations in OpenAlex.
- Article
- Metabotropic glutamate receptor 5 expression associates with pain and inflammatory pathways in interstitial cystitis.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Preclinical evaluation of sodium copper chlorophyllin: safety, pharmacokinetics, and therapeutic potential in breast cancer chemotherapy and cyclophosphamide-induced bladder toxicity.Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology · 2025Article
- Molecular characterization of suburothelial fibrosis in murine acute recurrent bladder inflammation.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Role of local angiotensin II signaling in bladder function.American journal of physiology. Renal physiology · 2024Review
- Sex-Dependent Differences in Blood-Urine Barrier Are Subtle but Significant in Healthy and Chronically Inflamed Mouse Bladders.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
- Histological study of the role of CD34+ stem cells and mast cells in cyclophosphamide-induced thymic injury in rats and the possible attenuating role of melatonin.Histochemistry and cell biology · 2023Article
- Molecular Profiling of Inflammatory Processes in a Mouse Model of IC/BPS: From the Complete Transcriptome to Major Sex-Related Histological Features of the Urinary Bladder.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
- Changes in nerve growth factor signaling in female mice with cyclophosphamide-induced cystitis.Frontiers in urology · 2023Article
- Therapeutic potential of nanoceria pretreatment in preventing the development of urological chronic pelvic pain syndrome: Immunomodulation via reactive oxygen species scavenging and SerpinB2 downregulation.Bioengineering & translational medicine · 2023Article
- Development, regeneration and tumorigenesis of the urothelium.Development (Cambridge, England) · 2022Review
- Lectins as Biomarkers of IC/BPS Disease: A Comparative Study of Glycosylation Patterns in Human Pathologic Urothelium and IC/BPS Experimental Models.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- FimH confers mannose-targeting ability to Bacillus Calmette-Guerin for improved immunotherapy in bladder cancer.Journal for immunotherapy of cancer · 2022Article
- The effect of amino acids on the bladder cycle: a concise review.Amino acids · 2022Review
- Effects of pharmacological neurotrophin receptor inhibition on bladder function in female mice with cyclophosphamide-induced cystitis.Frontiers in urology · 2022Article
- Article
- Effects of an alpha-1d adrenoreceptor antagonist (naftopidil) on bladder dysfunction after radiotherapy in female rats.International urogynecology journal · 2021Article
- Article
- Review
- P2X7 Receptor Blockade Protects Against Acrolein-Induced Bladder Damage: A Potential New Therapeutic Approach for the Treatment of Bladder Inflammatory Diseases.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Abstract Painful bladder syndrome/Interstitial cystitis (PBS/IC) is a chronic disorder characterized clinically by recurring episodes of pelvic pain and increased urination frequency, significantly impairing patients' quality of life. Despite this, there is an unmet medical need in terms of effective diagnostics and treatment. Animal models are crucial in this endeavor. Systemic chronic administration of cyclophosphamide (CYP) in mice has been proposed as a relevant preclinical model of chronic bladder pain. However, molecular mechanisms underlying the pathogenesis of this model are lacking. Here, we show that mice, subjected to repetitive systemic injections of CYP, developed mild inflammatory response in bladder tissue characterized by submucosal edema, moderate increase in proinflammatory cytokine gene expression, and mastocytosis. No signs of massive inflammatory infiltrate, tissue hemorrhages, mucosal ulcerations and urothelium loss were observed. Instead, CYP treatment induced urothelium hyperplasia, accompanied by activation of proliferative signaling cascades, and a decrease in the expression of urothelium-specific markers. Metabotropic glutamate (mGlu) receptors have been implicated in chronic pain disorders. CYP administration induced differential changes in mGlu receptors mRNA levels in bladder tissue, without affecting gene expression at spinal cord level, pointing to the potential link between peripheral mGlu receptors and inflammation-induced bladder malfunction and hyperalgesia. Taken together, these data indicate that chronic CYP treatment in mice is a model of PBS mostly relevant to the major, nonulcerative subtype of the syndrome, characterized by a relatively unaltered mucosa and a sparse inflammatory response. This model can help to elucidate the pathogenetic mechanisms of the disease.
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