ArticleMMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report2014
Benefits from immunization during the vaccines for children program era - United States, 1994-2013.
Article in MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 127 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
127 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Incomplete immunization and its determinants among children in Africa: Systematic review and meta-analysis.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2023Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Costs of Interventions to Increase Vaccination Coverage Among Children in the United States: A Systematic Review.Academic pediatricsPooled it
- Highlighting consensus among medical scientists increases public support for vaccines: evidence from a randomized experiment.BMC public health · 2015Trial
- Beyond Hesitancy: Current Multi-Level Polio Vaccine Refusals and Pathways to Acceptance in a High-Risk Region of Pakistan.Vaccines · 2026Article
- Article
- A health and economic evaluation of the spatial spillover effect from measles resurgence.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Article
- Unveiling the Drivers of Polio Vaccine Uptake: Insights from a Multi-Country Study of 37 Nations in Sub-Saharan Africa.PloS one · 2025Article
- Socioeconomic inequalities in immunisation of 12-23 months old children in Malawi: a decomposition analysis.Frontiers in public health · 2025Article
- Timeliness for vaccination according to the expanded immunization program in children under 6 years of age in Colombia between 2014 and 2019.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2024Article
- Health and Economic Benefits of Routine Childhood Immunizations in the Era of the Vaccines for Children Program - United States, 1994-2023.MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report · 2024Article
- Exploring influential factors in childhood vaccine delays in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.Journal of family medicine and primary care · 2024Article
- Changes in vaccination practices among infants after the introduction of DTaP-IPV/Hib combination vaccines.Vaccine: X · 2024Article
- Barriers to and Facilitators of Pediatric Vaccination Reporting in Four US States, 2023.American journal of public health · 2024Article
- Advocate to vaccinate: moving away from the "politics" of vaccination.Pediatric research · 2024Article
- Vaccination Timeliness Among US Children Aged 0-19 Months, National Immunization Survey-Child 2011-2021.JAMA network open · 2024Article
- Neonatal hepatitis B vaccination: Reevaluating timing and adjuvants for enhanced safety and effectiveness.Pediatric discovery · 2023Review
- Effect of COVID-19 on Routine Childhood Vaccination in Bahir Dar City, Northwestern, Ethiopia.Vaccines · 2023Article
67 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The Vaccines for Children (VFC) program was created by the Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act of 1993 and first implemented in 1994. VFC was designed to ensure that eligible children do not contract vaccine-preventable diseases because of inability to pay for vaccine and was created in response to a measles resurgence in the United States that resulted in approximately 55,000 cases reported during 1989-1991. The resurgence was caused largely by widespread failure to vaccinate uninsured children at the recommended age of 12-15 months. To summarize the impact of the U.S. immunization program on the health of all children (both VFC-eligible and not VFC-eligible) who were born during the 20 years since VFC began, CDC used information on immunization coverage from the National Immunization Survey (NIS) and a previously published cost-benefit model to estimate illnesses, hospitalizations, and premature deaths prevented and costs saved by routine childhood vaccination during 1994-2013. Coverage for many childhood vaccine series was near or above 90% for much of the period. Modeling estimated that, among children born during 1994- 2013, vaccination will prevent an estimated 322 million illnesses, 21 million hospitalizations, and 732,000 deaths over the course of their lifetimes, at a net savings of $295 billion in direct costs and $1.38 trillion in total societal costs. With support from the VFC program, immunization has been a highly effective tool for improving the health of U.S. children.
Indexed as
Identifiers
24759657PMC4584777What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.