ArticleClinical and vaccine immunology : CVI2014
Human antibody responses to the polyclonal Dryvax vaccine for smallpox prevention can be distinguished from responses to the monoclonal replacement vaccine ACAM2000.
Article in Clinical and vaccine immunology : CVI, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 13 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
13 citing papers in PubMed, 17 citations in OpenAlex.
- Monkeypox (Mpox), a Resurging Global Public Health Concern: An Updated Outlook Through 2025.Current issues in molecular biology · 2026Review
- Serological differentiation between Mpox infection and vaccine-induced immunity: a mini-review.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Immunoproteomics: The Evolution from Classical Methods to Emerging Techniques.Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.) · 2026Review
- Potent neutralization by antibodies targeting the MPXV A28 protein.Nature communications · 2025Article
- Review
- Temporal expression classes and functions of vaccinia virus and mpox (monkeypox) virus genes.mBio · 2025Review
- Poxviridae Pneumonia.Advances in experimental medicine and biology · 2024Review
- A Review of the Past, Present, and Future of the Monkeypox Virus: Challenges, Opportunities, and Lessons from COVID-19 for Global Health Security.Microorganisms · 2023Review
- Human Monkeypox: A Comprehensive Overview of Epidemiology, Pathogenesis, Diagnosis, Treatment, and Prevention Strategies.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- Monkeypox: disease epidemiology, host immunity and clinical interventions.Nature reviews. Immunology · 2022Review
- Effect of Serial Passage on the Pathogenicity and Immunogenicity of Vaccinia Virus LC16m8 Strain.Biology · 2021Review
- Defending against smallpox: a focus on vaccines.Expert review of vaccines · 2016Review
- Serum biomarkers of Burkholderia mallei infection elucidated by proteomic imaging of skin and lung abscesses.Clinical proteomics · 2015Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Dryvax (Wyeth Laboratories, Inc., Marietta, PA) is representative of the vaccinia virus preparations that were previously used for preventing smallpox. While Dryvax was highly effective, the national supply stocks were depleted, and there were manufacturing concerns regarding sterility and the clonal heterogeneity of the vaccine. ACAM2000 (Acambis, Inc./Sanofi-Pasteur Biologics Co., Cambridge, MA), a single-plaque-purified vaccinia virus derivative of Dryvax, recently replaced the polyclonal smallpox vaccine for use in the United States. A substantial amount of sequence heterogeneity exists within the polyclonal proteome of Dryvax, including proteins that are missing from ACAM2000. Reasoning that a detailed comparison of antibody responses to the polyclonal and monoclonal vaccines may be useful for identifying unique properties of each antibody response, we utilized a protein microarray comprised of approximately 94% of the vaccinia poxvirus proteome (245 proteins) to measure protein-specific antibody responses of 71 individuals receiving a single vaccination with ACAM2000 or Dryvax. We observed robust antibody responses to 21 poxvirus proteins in vaccinated individuals, including 11 proteins that distinguished Dryvax responses from ACAM2000. Analysis of protein sequences from Dryvax clones revealed amino acid level differences in these 11 antigenic proteins and suggested that sequence variation and clonal heterogeneity may contribute to the observed differences between Dryvax and ACAM2000 antibody responses.
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