ArticleOpen biology2014
Incomplete pneumolysin oligomers form membrane pores.
Article in Open biology, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 58 papers.
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Who cites it
58 citing papers in PubMed, 94 citations in OpenAlex.
- AFM to Study Pore-Forming Proteins.Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.) · 2027Article
- Molecular mechanism of pore formation by Plasmodium Perforin-like Protein 2.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Deciphering Membrane Pore Formation Mechanisms of Plasmodium falciparum Perforin-Like Protein 1 (PfPLP1).The Journal of membrane biology · 2026Article
- Structural basis for the pore-forming activity of a complement-like toxin.Science advances · 2025Article
- Hexameric-Based Hierarchy in the Sizes of a Cytolysin Pore-Forming Complex.Biomolecules · 2025Article
- Nanoelectrospray based synthesis of large, transportable membranes with integrated membrane proteins.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Single-molecule tracking of perfringolysin O assembly and membrane insertion uncoupling.The FEBS journal · 2023Article
- Cryo-EM structures of perforin-2 in isolation and assembled on a membrane suggest a mechanism for pore formation.The EMBO journal · 2022Article
- Perforin-2 clockwise hand-over-hand pre-pore to pore transition mechanism.Nature communications · 2022Article
- Article
- Corilagin: A Novel Antivirulence Strategy to AlleviateMolecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Membrane Dynamics and Remodelling in Response to the Action of the Membrane-Damaging Pore-Forming Toxins.The Journal of membrane biology · 2022Review
- Gasdermin-A3 pore formation propagates along variable pathways.Nature communications · 2022Article
- Bacterial pore-forming toxins.Microbiology (Reading, England) · 2022Article
- The Yin and Yang of Pneumolysin During Pneumococcal Infection.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Review
- Beyond pore formation: reorganization of the plasma membrane induced by pore-forming proteins.Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS · 2021Review
- Mitochondrial outer membrane permeabilization at the single molecule level.Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS · 2021Review
- Molecular Dynamics Study of Lipid and Cholesterol Reorganization Due to Membrane Binding and Pore Formation by Listeriolysin O.The Journal of membrane biology · 2020Article
- Pore formation in regulated cell death.The EMBO journal · 2020Review
- Sequence Diversity in the Pore-Forming Motifs of the Membrane-Damaging Protein Toxins.The Journal of membrane biology · 2020Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors at 3 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Pneumolysin is a member of the cholesterol-dependent cytolysin (CDC) family of pore-forming proteins that are produced as water-soluble monomers or dimers, bind to target membranes and oligomerize into large ring-shaped assemblies comprising approximately 40 subunits and approximately 30 nm across. This pre-pore assembly then refolds to punch a large hole in the lipid bilayer. However, in addition to forming large pores, pneumolysin and other CDCs form smaller lesions characterized by low electrical conductance. Owing to the observation of arc-like (rather than full-ring) oligomers by electron microscopy, it has been hypothesized that smaller oligomers explain smaller functional pores. To investigate whether this is the case, we performed cryo-electron tomography of pneumolysin oligomers on model lipid membranes. We then used sub-tomogram classification and averaging to determine representative membrane-bound low-resolution structures and identified pre-pores versus pores by the presence of membrane within the oligomeric curve. We found pre-pore and pore forms of both complete (ring) and incomplete (arc) oligomers and conclude that arc-shaped oligomeric assemblies of pneumolysin can form pores. As the CDCs are evolutionarily related to the membrane attack complex/perforin family of proteins, which also form variably sized pores, our findings are of relevance to that class of proteins as well.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.