ArticleAlzheimer disease and associated disorders
Normative data for 8 neuropsychological tests in older blacks and whites from the atherosclerosis risk in communities (ARIC) study.
Article in Alzheimer disease and associated disorders. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 50 papers.
What it found
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
50 citing papers in PubMed, 64 citations in OpenAlex.
- Trial
- Patterns of cognitive function in middle-aged and elderly Chinese adults-findings from the EMCOA study.Alzheimer's research & therapy · 2018Trial
- Race modifies the relationship between cognition and Alzheimer's disease cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers.Alzheimer's research & therapy · 2017Trial
- Trial
- Structural and social determinants of health shape the impact of neurodegeneration and cerebrovascular pathology on cognitive functioning in black adults.Social science & medicine (1982) · 2026Article
- Long-Term Association of Cardiovascular Risk Burden With Dementia Risk: The Role of Life-Course Confounders in an Analysis of Cumulative and Specific Factors.Journal of the American Heart Association · 2026Article
- Left ventricular remodeling and diastolic dysfunction predict cognitive decline in older adults.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2026Article
- Lifetime risk and projected burden of dementia.Nature medicine · 2025Article
- Evaluating Social Determinants of Health-Based Alternatives to Race-Based Cognitive Normative Models.Neurology · 2024Article
- Intracranial Atherosclerotic Disease and Incident Dementia: The ARIC Study (Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities).Circulation · 2024 · on this mapArticle
- A comparison of PMEnvironmental research · 2024Article
- Age of Diabetes Diagnosis and Lifetime Risk of Dementia: The Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Study.Diabetes care · 2024Article
- Patterns of cognitive domain abnormalities enhance discrimination of dementia risk prediction: The ARIC study.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2024Article
- Validation of Self-Administered Visual and Verbal Episodic Memory Tasks in Healthy Controls and a Clinical Sample.Assessment · 2024Article
- Spousal Cognitive Status and Risk for Declining Cognitive Function and Dementia: The Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study.Journal of aging and health · 2023Article
- Association of Plasma AβNeurology · 2023Article
- Prediabetes, intervening diabetes and subsequent risk of dementia: the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) study.Diabetologia · 2023Article
- Cognitive phenotypes in late-onset epilepsy: results from the atherosclerosis risk in communities study.Frontiers in neurology · 2023Article
- Eliminating racial disparities in dementia risk by equalizing education quality: A sensitivity analysis.Social science & medicine (1982) · 2022Review
- The Impact of Stereotype Threat on Memory and Cognition in Older Adults.Western journal of nursing research · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
10 authors at 6 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Accurate assessment of cognitive impairment requires comparison of cognitive performance in individuals to performance in a comparable healthy normative population. Few prior studies have included a large number of black participants and few have excluded participants from the normative sample with subclinical/latent neurological disease or dementia. This study provides age, race, and education-specific normative data for 8 cognitive tests derived from 320 black and 392 white participants aged 61 to 82 years (mean 71 y) in the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) study without clinical or subclinical/latent neurological disease. Normative data are provided for the Delayed Word Recall Test, Logical Memory Parts I and II, the Word Fluency Test, Animal Naming, the Trail Making Test Parts A and B and the Digit Symbol Substitution Test. Age, race, and education-specific mean and -1.5 SD scores are given in tabular form and graphically, as well as regression-based equations to derive adjusted score cut-points. These robust normative data should enhance comparison across studies of cognitive aging, where these measures are widely used, and improve interpretation of performance on these tests for the diagnosis of cognitive impairment not only within the ARIC cohort, but also among older blacks and whites with similar demographics.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.