ReviewThe Journal of physiology2014
Autonomic neural control of heart rate during dynamic exercise: revisited.
Review in The Journal of physiology, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT03068182 (Cardiovascular Responses to Arm Crank Exercise Versus to Treadmill Exercise in Adult Subjects), which is not on this map. Cited by 158 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Cardiovascular Responses to Arm Crank Exercise Versus to Treadmill Exercise in Adult Subjects
Who cites it
158 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 301 citations in OpenAlex.
- Transcutaneous vagus nerve stimulation and exercise-induced autonomic regulation: a systematic review.Clinical autonomic research : official journal of the Clinical Autonomic Research Society · 2026Pooled it
- High-intensity interval aerobic exercise delays recovery from heart rate variability: a systematic review with meta-analysis.Clinical autonomic research : official journal of the Clinical Autonomic Research Society · 2025Pooled it
- Heart Rate Variability-Derived Thresholds for Exercise Intensity Prescription in Endurance Sports: A Systematic Review of Interrelations and Agreement with Different Ventilatory and Blood Lactate Thresholds.Sports medicine - open · 2023Pooled it
- Recovery of Linear and Nonlinear Heart Rate Variability Metrics After Short-Term Moderate versus Vigorous Intensity Exercise: A Cross-Sectional Randomized Cross-Over Study.European journal of sport science · 2025Trial
- Acute effects of bolus water intake on post-exercise orthostatic hypotension and cardiovascular hemodynamics.Clinical autonomic research : official journal of the Clinical Autonomic Research Society · 2025Trial
- Correlation properties of heart rate variability for exercise prescription during prolonged running at constant speeds: A randomized cross-over trial.European journal of sport science · 2024Trial
- Effect of olfactory stimulation from aromatherapy on the autonomic nervous activity during aerobic exercises.Scientific reports · 2024Trial
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- Eight weeks of device-guided slow breathing decreases sympathetic nervous reactivity to stress in posttraumatic stress disorder.American journal of physiology. Regulatory, integrative and comparative physiology · 2020Trial
- Rehabilitation Program Combined with Local Vibroacoustics Improves Psychophysiological Conditions in Patients with ACL Reconstruction.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2019Trial
- Metaboreflex activation delays heart rate recovery after aerobic exercise in never-treated hypertensive men.The Journal of physiology · 2016Trial
- Autonomic Recovery Is Delayed in Chinese Compared with Caucasian following Treadmill Exercise.PloS one · 2016Trial
- Effects of Walking Football During Ramadan Fasting on Heart Rate Variability and Physical Fitness in Healthy Middle-Aged Males.American journal of men's healthTrial
- Feedback from group III/IV afferents in skeletal muscle slows heart rate acceleration when transitioning from rest to low-intensity exercise in males.Experimental physiology · 2026Article
- Exercise and Autonomic Cardiovascular Function-Insights From Spinal Cord-Injured Humans: A Narrative Review.Acta physiologica (Oxford, England) · 2026Review
- Association Between Cardiorespiratory Fitness and a Composite Index of Cardiac Autonomic Control: Potential Implications for Exercise Training Evaluation.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Article
- Sports Cardiology in Practice: Exercise as Stressor, Signal, and Therapy.Journal of cardiovascular development and disease · 2026Article
- lagCI enables inference of temporal causal relationships from dense multi-omic time series.Briefings in bioinformatics · 2026Article
- From sensation to action: expectation, appraisal, and decision-making in patient-triggered cardiac monitoring.Journal of behavioral medicine · 2026Article
98 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
unlabelledThe accepted model of autonomic control of heart rate (HR) during dynamic exercise indicates that the initial increase is entirely attributable to the withdrawal of parasympathetic nervous system (PSNS) activity and that subsequent increases in HR are entirely attributable to increases in cardiac sympathetic activity. In the present review, we sought to re-evaluate the model of autonomic neural control of HR in humans during progressive increases in dynamic exercise workload. We analysed data from both new and previously published studies involving baroreflex stimulation and pharmacological blockade of the autonomic nervous system. Results indicate that the PSNS remains functionally active throughout exercise and that increases in HR from rest to maximal exercise result from an increasing workload-related transition from a 4 : 1 vagal-sympathetic balance to a 4 : 1 sympatho-vagal balance. Furthermore, the beat-to-beat autonomic reflex control of HR was found to be dependent on the ability of the PSNS to modulate the HR as it was progressively restrained by increasing workload-related sympathetic nerve activity. IN
conclusion(i) increases in exercise workload-related HR are not caused by a total withdrawal of the PSNS followed by an increase in sympathetic tone; (ii) reciprocal antagonism is key to the transition from vagal to sympathetic dominance, and (iii) resetting of the arterial baroreflex causes immediate exercise-onset reflexive increases in HR, which are parasympathetically mediated, followed by slower increases in sympathetic tone as workloads are increased.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.