ArticleNitric oxide : biology and chemistry2014
AP39, a novel mitochondria-targeted hydrogen sulfide donor, stimulates cellular bioenergetics, exerts cytoprotective effects and protects against the loss of mitochondrial DNA integrity in oxidatively stressed endothelial cells in vitro.
Article in Nitric oxide : biology and chemistry, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 139 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
139 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 285 citations in OpenAlex.
- The Protective Effect of Puerarin on Myocardial Infarction Reperfusion Injury (MIRI): A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Studies in Rat Models.Medical science monitor : international medical journal of experimental and clinical research · 2015Pooled it
- Hydrogen sulfide-releasing hydrogels: a new perspective on clinical translation.Medical gas research · 2027Review
- Mitochondrial dysfunction and applications of mitochondrial-targeted delivery systems in atherosclerosis.Drug delivery · 2026Review
- Hydrogen sulfide inhibits neuroinflammation following cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury via regulating glial polarization.Metabolic brain disease · 2026Review
- SQOR regulates HResearch square · 2026Article
- Exogenous Hydrogen Sulfide Donors Suppress Neointimal Hyperplasia by Modulating Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells.Translational stroke research · 2026Article
- A Paradigm Shift of HCurrent issues in molecular biology · 2026Review
- Hydrogen sulfide regulation in redox homeostasis and programmed cell death: mechanistic insights and implications in cancer.Journal of advanced research · 2026Review
- Redox Network Failure in Chronic Kidney Disease: Hydrogen Sulfide Deficiency, Reactive Sulfur Species Dysregulation and the Uremic Toxin-AhR-Mitochondrial Axis.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Hydrogen sulfide alleviates hyperoxia effects on mitochondria in human developing airway smooth muscle.JCI insight · 2026Article
- Mitochondria-Targeted Hydrogen Sulphide Delivery via an Adhesive Hydrogel Modulates Inflammation and Oxidative Stress in Diabetic Wounds.Gels (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- The Role of Ferroptosis in Diabetes Pathogenesis: Therapeutic Implications of Hydrogen Sulfide and Its Reactive Metabolites.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Pathophysiology of reactive oxygen species (ROS).Archives of toxicology · 2026Review
- Parkin-ACSL4 axis in ferroptosis regulation: a narrative review on therapeutic insights from exercise in aging cardiomyocytes.npj metabolic health and disease · 2026Review
- Black gas, bright future: HNeurotherapeutics : the journal of the American Society for Experimental NeuroTherapeutics · 2025Review
- Intersection of HNeurotherapeutics : the journal of the American Society for Experimental NeuroTherapeutics · 2025Review
- Sulfide regulation and catabolism in health and disease.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2025Review
- The Dual Role of Exogenous Hydrogen Sulfide (HAntioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Hemorrhagic Shock and Mitochondria: Pathophysiology and Therapeutic Approaches.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Current Approaches and Innovations in Managing Preeclampsia: Highlighting Maternal Health Disparities.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Review
79 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
9 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
The purpose of the current study was to investigate the effect of the recently synthesized mitochondrially-targeted H2S donor, AP39 [(10-oxo-10-(4-(3-thioxo-3H-1,2-dithiol-5yl)phenoxy)decyl) triphenylphosphonium bromide], on bioenergetics, viability, and mitochondrial DNA integrity in bEnd.3 murine microvascular endothelial cells in vitro, under normal conditions, and during oxidative stress. Intracellular H2S was assessed by the fluorescent dye 7-azido-4-methylcoumarin. For the measurement of bioenergetic function, the XF24 Extracellular Flux Analyzer was used. Cell viability was estimated by the combination of the MTT and LDH methods. Oxidative protein modifications were measured by the Oxyblot method. Reactive oxygen species production was monitored by the MitoSOX method. Mitochondrial and nuclear DNA integrity were assayed by the Long Amplicon PCR method. Oxidative stress was induced by addition of glucose oxidase. Addition of AP39 (30-300 nM) to bEnd.3 cells increased intracellular H2S levels, with a preferential response in the mitochondrial regions. AP39 exerted a concentration-dependent effect on mitochondrial activity, which consisted of a stimulation of mitochondrial electron transport and cellular bioenergetic function at lower concentrations (30-100 nM) and an inhibitory effect at the higher concentration of 300 nM. Under oxidative stress conditions induced by glucose oxidase, an increase in oxidative protein modification and an enhancement in MitoSOX oxidation was noted, coupled with an inhibition of cellular bioenergetic function and a reduction in cell viability. AP39 pretreatment attenuated these responses. Glucose oxidase induced a preferential damage to the mitochondrial DNA; AP39 (100 nM) pretreatment protected against it. In conclusion, the current paper documents antioxidant and cytoprotective effects of AP39 under oxidative stress conditions, including a protection against oxidative mitochondrial DNA damage.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.