ArticleInternational journal of cancer2014
Glioma-associated microglial MMP9 expression is upregulated by TLR2 signaling and sensitive to minocycline.
Article in International journal of cancer, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 70 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
70 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 110 citations in OpenAlex.
- Pooled it
- Host TLR4 activation by tenascin-C is associated with MMP14-dependent glioma invasion.Frontiers in oncology · 2026Article
- Reconstructing the glioblastoma microenvironment in heterotypic 3D spheroids: a multicellular model to study tumor-stromal crosstalk.Frontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology · 2026Article
- Research progress in glioma-related epilepsy (Review).Biomedical reports · 2025Article
- Role of the TLR signaling pathway in the pathogenesis of glioblastoma multiforme with an emphasis on immunotherapy.Biochemistry and biophysics reports · 2025Review
- Targeting stromal cells in tumor microenvironment as a novel treatment strategy for glioma.Cancer cell international · 2025Review
- Divergent Crosstalk Between Microglia and T Cells in Brain Cancers: Implications for Novel Therapeutic Strategies.Biomedicines · 2025Review
- Dysregulation of inflammasome activation in glioma.Cell communication and signaling : CCS · 2023Review
- Role of Molecular Targeted Therapeutic Drugs in Treatment of Glioblastoma: A Review Article.Global medical genetics · 2023Review
- Article
- Exosome-based nanoimmunotherapy targeting TAMs, a promising strategy for glioma.Cell death & disease · 2023Review
- The Missing Piece? A Case for Microglia's Prominent Role in the Therapeutic Action of Anesthetics, Ketamine, and Psychedelics.Neurochemical research · 2023Review
- Glioma-associated microglia/macrophages (GAMs) in glioblastoma: Immune function in the tumor microenvironment and implications for immunotherapy.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Review
- Interactions between microglia and glioma in tumor microenvironment.Frontiers in oncology · 2023Review
- The multifaceted mechanisms of malignant glioblastoma progression and clinical implications.Cancer metastasis reviews · 2022Review
- Review
- Macrophages in Glioblastoma Development and Therapy: A Double-Edged Sword.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Review
- Glioma targeted therapy: insight into future of molecular approaches.Molecular cancer · 2022Review
- Plasmatic MMP9 released from tumor-infiltrating neutrophils is predictive for bevacizumab efficacy in glioblastoma patients: an AVAglio ancillary study.Acta neuropathologica communications · 2022Article
- Neuroinflammation in retinitis pigmentosa: Therapies targeting the innate immune system.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Review
10 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
The invasiveness of malignant gliomas is one of the major obstacles in glioma therapy and the reason for the poor survival of patients. Glioma cells infiltrate into the brain parenchyma and thereby escape surgical resection. Glioma associated microglia/macrophages support glioma infiltration into the brain parenchyma by increased expression and activation of extracellular matrix degrading proteases such as matrix metalloprotease (MMP) 2, MMP9 and membrane-type 1 MMP. In this work we demonstrate that, MMP9 is predominantly expressed by glioma associated microglia/macrophages in mouse and human glioma tissue but not by the glioma cells. Supernatant from glioma cells induced the expression of MMP9 in cultured microglial cells. Using mice deficient for different Toll-like receptors we identified Toll-like receptor 2/6 as the signaling pathway for the glioma induced upregulation of microglial MMP9. Also in an experimental mouse glioma model, Toll-like receptor 2 deficiency attenuated the upregulation of microglial MMP9. Moreover, glioma supernatant triggered an upregulation of Toll-like receptor 2 expression in microglia. Both, the upregulation of MMP9 and Toll-like receptor 2 were attenuated by the antibiotic minocycline and a p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase antagonist in vitro. Minocycline also extended the survival rate of glioma bearing mice when given to the drinking water. Thus glioma cells change the phenotype of glioma associated microglia/macrophages in a complex fashion using Toll-like receptor 2 as an important signaling pathway and minocycline further proved to be a potential candidate for adjuvant glioma therapy.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.