Trial reportPloS one2014
Change in vitamin d levels occurs early after antiretroviral therapy initiation and depends on treatment regimen in resource-limited settings.
Trial report in PloS one, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 18 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
18 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 32 citations in OpenAlex.
- Diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of bone fragility in people living with HIV: a position statement from the Swiss Association against Osteoporosis.Osteoporosis international : a journal established as result of cooperation between the European Foundation for Osteoporosis and the National Osteoporosis Foundation of the USA · 2019Guideline
- Pilot study of the effect of cholecalciferol supplementation on hepcidin in children with chronic kidney disease: Results of the D-fense Trial.Pediatric nephrology (Berlin, Germany) · 2017Trial
- Vitamin-D deficiency impairs CD4+T-cell count recovery rate in HIV-positive adults on highly active antiretroviral therapy: A longitudinal study.Clinical nutrition (Edinburgh, Scotland) · 2016Trial
- Prevalence and risk factors of micronutrient deficiencies pre- and post-antiretroviral therapy (ART) among a diverse multicountry cohort of HIV-infected adults.Clinical nutrition (Edinburgh, Scotland) · 2016Trial
- Vitamin D3 supplementation in HIV infection: effectiveness and associations with antiretroviral therapy.Nutrition journal · 2015Trial
- Vitamin D Status in People Living with HIV: Assessment of 25(OH)D Levels and Associated Factors-A Cross-Sectional Study.Metabolites · 2026Article
- Prevalence and Causes of Vitamin D Deficiency in a Cohort of Greek HIV-Infected Individuals: A Prospective, Single Center, Observational Study.Current HIV research · 2024Observational
- Bone Health in People Living with HIV/AIDS: An Update of Where We Are and Potential Future Strategies.Microorganisms · 2023Review
- Osteoporosis and HIV Infection.Calcified tissue international · 2022Review
- A Literature Review of the Potential Impact of Medication on Vitamin D Status.Risk management and healthcare policy · 2021Review
- Vitamin D status, nutrition and growth in HIV-infected mothers and HIV-exposed infants and children in Botswana.PloS one · 2020Article
- Bilateral sequential femoral neck stress fractures in young adult with HIV infection on antiretroviral therapy: A case report.World journal of orthopedics · 2019Article
- CRP Genotypes Predict Increased Risk to Co-Present with Low Vitamin D and Elevated CRP in a Group of Healthy Black South African Women.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2018Article
- Bone Loss in HIV Infection.Current treatment options in infectious diseases · 2017Article
- Bone health in HIV and hepatitis B or C infections.Therapeutic advances in musculoskeletal disease · 2017Review
- Vitamin D Status and Its Consequences for Health in South Africa.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2016Review
- Plasma Micronutrient Concentrations Are Altered by Antiretroviral Therapy and Lipid-Based Nutrient Supplements in Lactating HIV-Infected Malawian Women.The Journal of nutrition · 2015Article
- HIV infection and osteoporosis.BoneKEy reports · 2015Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
10 authors at 7 institutions in 7 countries.
Funding
Abstract
STUDY
backgroundVitamin D has wide-ranging effects on the immune system, and studies suggest that low serum vitamin D levels are associated with worse clinical outcomes in HIV. Recent studies have identified an interaction between antiretrovirals used to treat HIV and reduced serum vitamin D levels, but these studies have been done in North American and European populations.
methodsUsing a prospective cohort study design nested in a multinational clinical trial, we examined the effect of three combination antiretroviral (cART) regimens on serum vitamin D levels in 270 cART-naïve, HIV-infected adults in nine diverse countries, (Brazil, Haiti, Peru, Thailand, India, Malawi, South Africa, Zimbabwe and the United States). We evaluated the change between baseline serum vitamin D levels and vitamin D levels 24 and 48 weeks after cART initiation.
resultsSerum vitamin D levels decreased significantly from baseline to 24 weeks among those randomized to efavirenz/lamivudine/zidovudine (mean change: -7.94 [95% Confidence Interval (CI) -10.42, -5.54] ng/ml) and efavirenz/emtricitabine/tenofovir-DF (mean change: -6.66 [95% CI -9.40, -3.92] ng/ml) when compared to those randomized to atazanavir/emtricitabine/didanosine-EC (mean change: -2.29 [95% CI -4.83, 0.25] ng/ml). Vitamin D levels did not change significantly between week 24 and 48. Other factors that significantly affected serum vitamin D change included country (p<0.001), season (p<0.001) and baseline vitamin D level (p<0.001).
conclusionEfavirenz-containing cART regimens adversely affected vitamin D levels in patients from economically, geographically and racially diverse resource-limited settings. This effect was most pronounced early after cART initiation. Research is needed to define the role of Vitamin D supplementation in HIV care.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.