Evidence map›Paper›PMID 24751883›Full record

ReviewNature reviews. Endocrinology2014

Geographic and ethnic disparities in osteoporotic fractures.

Jane A Cauley, Didier Chalhoub, Ahmed M Kassem, Ghada El-Hajj Fuleihan

Abstract readReview
PubMed Publisher
In one paragraph

Review in Nature reviews. Endocrinology, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 225 papers, 11 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
225citing papers in PubMed, 11 pooled it
18.0field-weighted citation impact, top 1% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

225 citing papers in PubMed, 11 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 382 citations in OpenAlex.

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  6. Systematic review of major osteoporotic fracture to hip fracture incidence rate ratios worldwide: implications for Fracture Risk Assessment Tool (FRAX)-derived estimates.Journal of bone and mineral research : the official journal of the American Society for Bone and Mineral Research · 2021
    Pooled it
  7. Osteoporotic hip and vertebral fractures in the Arab region: a systematic review.Osteoporosis international : a journal established as result of cooperation between the European Foundation for Osteoporosis and the National Osteoporosis Foundation of the USA · 2021
    Pooled it
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  12. Trial
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  15. Zoledronic acid combined with percutaneous kyphoplasty in the treatment of osteoporotic compression fracture in a single T12 or L1 vertebral body in postmenopausal women.Osteoporosis international : a journal established as result of cooperation between the European Foundation for Osteoporosis and the National Osteoporosis Foundation of the USA · 2019
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  20. Age- and sex-specific incidence rates and future projections for hip fractures in The Gambia, West Africa, and comparison across four countries in Africa.Journal of bone and mineral research : the official journal of the American Society for Bone and Mineral Research · 2026
    Article

165 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.

Jane A CauleyDepartment of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, 130 DeSoto Street, Crabtree A510, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA.
Didier ChalhoubDepartment of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, 130 DeSoto Street, Crabtree A510, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA.
Ahmed M KassemDepartment of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, 130 DeSoto Street, Crabtree A510, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA.
Ghada El-Hajj FuleihanDepartment of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, WHO Collaborating Centre for Metabolic Bone Disorders, American University of Beirut, PO Box 11-0236, Riad El Solh, Beirut 1107 2020, Lebanon.
University of Pittsburgh · US

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Osteoporotic fractures are a major worldwide epidemic. Here, we review global variability, ethnic differences and secular changes in osteoporotic fractures. Worldwide, age-standardized incidence rates of hip fracture vary >200-fold in women and >140-fold in men when comparing the country in which incidence rates are the highest with that in which they are the lowest. Median age-standardized rates are highest in North America and Europe, followed by Asia, Middle East, Oceania, Latin America and Africa. Globally, rates of hip fracture are greater in women than in men, with an average ratio of ∼2:1. The incidence of radiographic vertebral fractures is much higher than that of hip fractures, whereas the incidence rates of clinical vertebral fractures mirror hip fracture rates in most countries. Methodological challenges of defining and ascertaining vertebral fractures limit the interpretation of these data. Secular declines in hip fracture rates have been reported in populations from North America, Europe and Oceania. These declines are especially notable in women, suggesting that reproductive factors might contribute to this reduction. By contrast, hip fracture rates are increasing in parts of Asia and Latin America. Global indicators of health, education and socioeconomic status are positively correlated with fracture rates suggesting that lifestyles in developed countries might contribute to hip fracture. Improvements in fracture assessment, in particular for nonhip fractures, and identification of factors that contribute to this variability might substantially influence our understanding of osteoporotic fracture aetiology and provide new avenues for prevention.

Indexed as

Cohort EffectEthnicityFemaleForearmFractures, BoneGeographyHip FracturesHumansLife ExpectancyMaleOsteoporosisOsteoporotic FracturesSpinal Fractures

Identifiers

PMID24751883
OpenAlexW1987131842

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.