ArticleEuropean journal of neurology2014
Reproductive factors and Parkinson's disease risk in Danish women.
Article in European journal of neurology, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 14 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
14 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 27 citations in OpenAlex.
- Differential effects of hormone therapy formulations on Parkinson's disease risk: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Neurological sciences : official journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology · 2026Pooled it
- Reproductive characteristics, use of exogenous hormones and Parkinson disease in women from the E3N study.Brain : a journal of neurology · 2023Article
- Association of Premenopausal Bilateral Oophorectomy With Parkinsonism and Parkinson Disease.JAMA network open · 2022Article
- State-of-the-art review of the clinical research on menopause and hormone replacement therapy association with Parkinson's disease: What meta-analysis studies cannot tell us.Frontiers in aging neuroscience · 2022Review
- Increased Menopausal Age Reduces the Risk of Parkinson's Disease: A Mendelian Randomization Approach.Movement disorders : official journal of the Movement Disorder Society · 2021Article
- Sex differences in movement disorders.Nature reviews. Neurology · 2020Review
- Association of periodic limb movements during sleep and Parkinson disease: A retrospective clinical study.Medicine · 2019Observational
- Rotenone and Parkinson's Disease: Reduced Sensitivity in Females.Toxicological sciences : an official journal of the Society of Toxicology · 2019Article
- Cancers Preceding Parkinson's Disease after Adjustment for Bias in a Danish Population-Based Case-Control Study.Neuroepidemiology · 2019Article
- Should Exercise Be Prescribed Differently Between Women and Men? An Emphasis on Women Diagnosed With Parkinson's Disease.Frontiers in physiology · 2018Article
- The relevance of gender in Parkinson's disease: a review.Journal of neurology · 2017Review
- The neuroprotective effects of caffeine in neurodegenerative diseases.CNS neuroscience & therapeutics · 2017Review
- The Danish National Patient Registry: a review of content, data quality, and research potential.Clinical epidemiology · 2015Review
- Hormone replacement therapy and Parkinson's disease risk in women: a meta-analysis of 14 observational studies.Neuropsychiatric disease and treatment · 2015Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
background and purposeParkinson's disease is more common in men than women by a ratio of about 1.5:1 and yet there is no consensus to date as to whether female reproductive factors including hormone use affect Parkinson's disease risk. Our objective was to examine the relationship between Parkinson's disease and female reproductive factors in the largest population-based Parkinson's disease case-control study to date.
methodsSeven hundred and forty-three female Parkinson's disease cases diagnosed between 1996 and 2009 were selected from the Danish National Hospital Register, diagnoses confirmed by medical record review, and the cases were matched by birth year to 765 female controls randomly selected from the Danish Civil Registration System. Covariate information was collected in computer-assisted telephone interviews covering an extensive array of topics including reproductive and lifestyle factors.
resultsAfter adjusting for smoking, caffeine and alcohol use, education, age, and family Parkinson's disease history, inverse associations between Parkinson's disease and early menarche (first period at ≤11 years), oral contraceptives, high parity (≥4 children) and bilateral oophorectomy were found; adjusted odds ratios and 95% confidence limits were respectively 0.68 (0.45-1.03) for early menarche, 0.87 (0.69-1.10) for oral contraceptives, 0.79 (0.59-1.06) for high parity and 0.65 (0.45-0.94) for bilateral oophorectomy. Little support for associations between Parkinson's disease and fertile life length, age at menopause or post-menopausal hormone treatment was found.
conclusionsReproductive factors related to women's early- to mid-reproductive lives appear to be predictive of subsequent Parkinson's disease risk whereas factors occurring later in life seem less important.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.