ArticleJournal of bacteriology2014
Streptococcus mutans extracellular DNA is upregulated during growth in biofilms, actively released via membrane vesicles, and influenced by components of the protein secretion machinery.
Article in Journal of bacteriology, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 171 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
171 citing papers in PubMed, 307 citations in OpenAlex.
- The role of extracellular DNA inJournal of bacteriology · 2026Review
- Imaging nucleic acids in biofilms.Essays in biochemistry · 2026Review
- Environmental Stress Induces Altered Composition of Streptococcus mutans Membrane Vesicles: pH-Driven Changes in Membrane Vesicle Production and Composition.Molecular oral microbiology · 2026Article
- Natural 2-phenyl chroman flavonoids against Streptococcus mutans: prospects of herbal remedies for dental caries.Journal of materials science. Materials in medicine · 2026Review
- Membrane Vesicles ImproveMicroorganisms · 2026Article
- From biogenesis to host modulation: the expanding biology of oral streptococcal membrane vesicles.FEMS microbiology reviews · 2026Review
- Raman signatures ofFrontiers in microbiology · 2026Article
- Normoxic stress enhance the secretion of adhesion-promoting membrane vesicles byJournal of oral microbiology · 2026Article
- Recent advances in membrane vesicles ofJournal of oral microbiology · 2026Review
- eDNA-Amyloid Synergistic Interactions in Bacterial Biofilms: A Hidden Driver of Antimicrobial Resistance.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Review
- DNA adenine methylation influences gene expression and biofilm formation inApplied and environmental microbiology · 2025Article
- Bacterial Extracellular Vesicles: An Emerging Concern in the Field of Environmental Contamination-Characterization, Impacts, and Response Strategies.Microorganisms · 2025Review
- Nasal immunization with Streptococcus mutans membrane vesicles and eggshell-derived hydroxyapatites elicits enhanced antigen-specific mucosal IgA responses.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Trajectory and trends in molecular regulation ofFuture microbiology · 2025Article
- Optimization of the Purification Process forJournal of microbiology and biotechnology · 2025Article
- Bacterial evolution in the oral microbiome: the role of conjugative elements and horizontal gene transfer.Journal of bacteriology · 2025Review
- Extracellular DNA filaments associated with surface polysaccharide II give Clostridioides difficile biofilm matrix a network-like structure.NPJ biofilms and microbiomes · 2025Article
- Dental biofilms contain DNase I-resistant Z-DNA and G-quadruplexes but alternative DNase overcomes this resistance.NPJ biofilms and microbiomes · 2025Article
- Formation of Mono-Organismal and MixedMicroorganisms · 2025Article
111 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
10 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Streptococcus mutans, a major etiological agent of human dental caries, lives primarily on the tooth surface in biofilms. Limited information is available concerning the extracellular DNA (eDNA) as a scaffolding matrix in S. mutans biofilms. This study demonstrates that S. mutans produces eDNA by multiple avenues, including lysis-independent membrane vesicles. Unlike eDNAs from cell lysis that were abundant and mainly concentrated around broken cells or cell debris with floating open ends, eDNAs produced via the lysis-independent pathway appeared scattered but in a structured network under scanning electron microscopy. Compared to eDNA production of planktonic cultures, eDNA production in 5- and 24-h biofilms was increased by >3- and >1.6-fold, respectively. The addition of DNase I to growth medium significantly reduced biofilm formation. In an in vitro adherence assay, added chromosomal DNA alone had a limited effect on S. mutans adherence to saliva-coated hydroxylapatite beads, but in conjunction with glucans synthesized using purified glucosyltransferase B, the adherence was significantly enhanced. Deletion of sortase A, the transpeptidase that covalently couples multiple surface-associated proteins to the cell wall peptidoglycan, significantly reduced eDNA in both planktonic and biofilm cultures. Sortase A deficiency did not have a significant effect on membrane vesicle production; however, the protein profile of the mutant membrane vesicles was significantly altered, including reduction of adhesin P1 and glucan-binding proteins B and C. Relative to the wild type, deficiency of protein secretion and membrane protein insertion machinery components, including Ffh, YidC1, and YidC2, also caused significant reductions in eDNA.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.