Trial reportEuropean journal of applied physiology2014
Combining heat stress and moderate hypoxia reduces cycling time to exhaustion without modifying neuromuscular fatigue characteristics.
Trial report in European journal of applied physiology, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The trial behind it
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Who cites it
16 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Performance changes during and post-exercise in combined heat and hypoxia environments: a systematic review and network meta analysis.Journal of translational medicine · 2026Pooled it
- Acute performance and physiological responses to repeated-sprint exercise in a combined hot and hypoxic environment.Physiological reports · 2020Trial
- No ergogenic effects of a 10-day combined heat and hypoxic acclimation on aerobic performance in normoxic thermoneutral or hot conditions.European journal of applied physiology · 2019Trial
- Combining hypoxia with thermal stimuli in humans: physiological responses and potential sex differences.American journal of physiology. Regulatory, integrative and comparative physiology · 2023Review
- Article
- Perception of effort and the allocation of physical resources: A generalization to upper-limb motor tasks.Frontiers in psychology · 2022Article
- A Combined Hot and Hypoxic Environment during Maximal Cycling Sprints Reduced Muscle Oxygen Saturation: A Pilot Study.Journal of sports science & medicine · 2021Article
- Exercise Performance and Thermoregulatory Responses of Elite Athletes Exercising in the Heat: Outcomes of the Thermo Tokyo Study.Sports medicine (Auckland, N.Z.) · 2021Article
- Effects of Acute Exposure to Thermal Stress on Cardiorespiratory Function, Skeletal Muscle Oxygenation, and Exercise Performance in Healthy Males.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2021Article
- Performance and thermoregulation of Dutch Olympic and Paralympic athletes exercising in the heat: Rationale and design of the Thermo Tokyo study: The journalTemperature (Austin, Tex.) · 2021Article
- Prefrontal Cortex Oxygenation During Endurance Performance: A Systematic Review of Functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy Studies.Frontiers in physiology · 2021Review
- No effect of supplemented heat stress during an acute endurance exercise session in hypoxia on hepcidin regulation.European journal of applied physiology · 2020Article
- Methodological issues with the assessment of voluntary activation using transcranial magnetic stimulation in the knee extensors.European journal of applied physiology · 2019Article
- Interactions in human performance: An individual and combined stressors approach.Temperature (Austin, Tex.) · 2016Article
- A comparison of two commercially available ELISA methods for the quantification of human plasma heat shock protein 70 during rest and exercise stress.Cell stress & chaperones · 2015Article
- The influence of a mild thermal challenge and severe hypoxia on exercise performance and serum BDNF.European journal of applied physiology · 2015Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
purposeThis study investigated the isolated and combined effects of heat [temperate (22 °C/30 % rH) vs. hot (35 °C/40 % rH)] and hypoxia [sea level (FiO2 0.21) vs. moderate altitude (FiO2 0.15)] on exercise capacity and neuromuscular fatigue characteristics.
methodsEleven physically active subjects cycled to exhaustion at constant workload (66 % of the power output associated with their maximal oxygen uptake in temperate conditions) in four different environmental conditions [temperate/sea level (control), hot/sea level (hot), temperate/moderate altitude (hypoxia) and hot/moderate altitude (hot + hypoxia)]. Torque and electromyography (EMG) responses following electrical stimulation of the tibial nerve (plantar-flexion; soleus) were recorded before and 5 min after exercise.
resultsTime to exhaustion was reduced (P < 0.05) in hot (-35 ± 15 %) or hypoxia (-36 ± 14 %) compared to control (61 ± 28 min), while hot + hypoxia (-51 ± 20 %) further compromised exercise capacity (P < 0.05). However, the effect of temperature or altitude on end-exercise core temperature (P = 0.089 and P = 0.070, respectively) and rating of perceived exertion (P > 0.05) did not reach significance. Maximal voluntary contraction torque, voluntary activation (twitch interpolation) and peak twitch torque decreased from pre- to post-exercise (-9 ± 1, -4 ± 1 and -6 ± 1 % all trials compounded, respectively; P < 0.05), with no effect of the temperature or altitude. M-wave amplitude and root mean square activity were reduced (P < 0.05) in hot compared to temperate conditions, while normalized maximal EMG activity did not change. Altitude had no effect on any measured parameters.
conclusionModerate hypoxia in combination with heat stress reduces cycling time to exhaustion without modifying neuromuscular fatigue characteristics. Impaired oxygen delivery or increased cardiovascular strain, increasing relative exercise intensity, may have also contributed to earlier exercise cessation.
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