Evidence map›Paper›PMID 24748275›Full record

ArticleThe Lancet. Global health2013

Stroke risk factors in an incident population in urban and rural Tanzania: a prospective, community-based, case-control study.

Open access · goldAbstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in The Lancet. Global health, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 47 papers, 8 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
47citing papers in PubMed, 8 pooled it
4.9field-weighted citation impact, top 5% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

47 citing papers in PubMed, 8 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 89 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
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  3. Stroke in Human Immunodeficiency Virus-infected Individuals in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA): A Systematic Review.Journal of stroke and cerebrovascular diseases : the official journal of National Stroke Association · 2018
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  15. Stroke in Sierra Leone. the stroke risk factors for people with HIV: A prospective case-control study.Journal of stroke and cerebrovascular diseases : the official journal of National Stroke Association · 2023
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  16. Diabetes Mellitus as a risk factor for stroke among Nigerians: A systematic review and meta-analysis.International journal of cardiology. Cardiovascular risk and prevention · 2023
    Review
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

0 authors at 6 institutions in 3 countries.

Kilimanjaro Christian Medical Centre · TZNorth Tyneside General Hospital · GBImperial College London · GBMuhimbili National Hospital · TZUniversity College Hospital · GBUniversity of the West Indies · BB

Funding

Wellcome Trust
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundThe burden of stroke on health systems in low-income and middle-income countries is increasing. However, high-quality data for modifiable stroke risk factors in sub-Saharan Africa are scarce, with no community based, case-control studies previously published. We aimed to identify risk factors for stroke in an incident population from rural and urban Tanzania.

methodsStroke cases from urban Dar-es-Salaam and the rural Hai district were recruited in a wider study of stroke incidence between June 15, 2003, and June 15, 2006. We included cases with fi rst-ever and recurrent stroke. Community-acquired controls recruited from the background census populations of the two study regions were matched with cases for age and sex and were interviewed and assessed. Data relating to medical and social history were recorded and blood samples taken.

findingsWe included 200 stroke cases (69 from Dar-es-Salaam and 131 from Hai) and 398 controls (138 from Dar-es-Salaam and 260 from Hai). Risk factors were similar at both sites, with previous cardiac event (odds ratio [OR] 7.39, 95% CI 2.42-22.53; p<0.0001), HIV infection (5.61, 2.41-13.09; p<0.0001), a high ratio of total cholesterol to HDL cholesterol (4.54, 2.49-8.28; p<0.0001), smoking (2.72, 1.49-4.96; p=0.001), and hypertension (2.14, 1.09-4.17; p=0.026) identified as significant independent risk factors for stroke. In Hai, additional risk factors of diabetes (4.04, 1.29-12.64) and low HDL cholesterol (9.84, 4.06-23.84) were also significant.

interpretationWe have identified many of the risk factors for stroke already reported for other world regions. HIV status was an independent risk factor for stroke within an antiretroviral-naive population. Clinicians should be aware of the increased risk of stroke in people with HIV, even in the absence of antiretroviral treatment.

Indexed as

AgedCase-Control StudiesCommunity-Based Participatory ResearchFemaleHIV InfectionsHumansIncidenceMaleMiddle AgedProspective StudiesRisk FactorsRural PopulationStrokeTanzaniaUrban Population

Identifiers

PMID24748275
PMCPMC3986030
OpenAlexW2118748875

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.