ArticlePloS one2014
The effects of propionate and valerate on insulin responsiveness for glucose uptake in 3T3-L1 adipocytes and C2C12 myotubes via G protein-coupled receptor 41.
Article in PloS one, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 58 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
58 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 85 citations in OpenAlex.
- Pooled it
- Is There a Relationship Between the Gut Microbiome and the Functional Capabilities of Skeletal Muscle? A Narrative Review.Nutrients · 2026Review
- Role of GPCR41 silencing in conjugated linoleic acid-induced adipogenesis of bovine intramuscular preadipocytes.In vitro cellular & developmental biology. Animal · 2026Article
- Combined Short-Chain Fatty Acids Induce an Anti-Inflammatory and Anti-Chemotactic Secretory Profile from 3T3-L1 Adipocytes in Normoxic and Hypoxic Environmental Conditions.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- Propionic Acid Supports the Development of Oocytes Derived from Bovine Early Antral Follicles.Veterinary sciences · 2026Article
- Severity of Hypoxia-Induced Effects on 3T3-L1 Adipocyte Secretory Function Is Attenuated Dose-Dependently by Individual Short-Chain Fatty Acids.Nutrients · 2026Article
- Cross-Cultural Nutritional Epigenomics: Diet and Microbiome Interactions Shaping Type 2 Diabetes in Arab and Western Populations.Nutrients · 2026Review
- WildFood science & nutrition · 2026Article
- Distinct patterns and interactions of microbiota and short-chain fatty acids in breast milk and infant gut from rural and urban dyads.Frontiers in microbiology · 2026Article
- Long-term endurance exercise influences exercise capacity in mice through modulation of the intestinal microbiota by fecal microbiota transplantation.Frontiers in microbiology · 2026Article
- Molecular mechanism of gut microbiota regulation in skeletal muscle metabolic remodeling and meat quality trait formation in livestock and poultry: a review.Frontiers in microbiology · 2026Review
- Exploring osteosarcopenia from the gut microbiota perspective: mechanistic insights and therapeutic potentials based on the gut-muscle-bone Axis.Frontiers in microbiology · 2026Review
- Exercise-Induced Short-Chain Fatty Acids: A Novel Therapeutic Target in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus with Sarcopenia.Aging and disease · 2025Review
- Sex-specific microbiota associations with backfat thickness, eye muscle area, and rumen fermentation in Qinchuan cattle.BMC microbiology · 2025Article
- Role and Mechanism of Short-Chain Fatty Acids in Skeletal Muscle Homeostasis and Exercise Performance.Nutrients · 2025Review
- Impact of Short-Chain Fatty Acids on Glucose, Fatty Acid and Leucine Metabolism in Primary Human Myotubes.Endocrinology, diabetes & metabolism · 2025Article
- Dose-Dependent Effects of Short-Chain Fatty Acids on 3T3-L1 Adipocyte Adipokine Secretion and Metabolic Function.Nutrients · 2025Article
- Exercise intervention regulates gut microbiota to improve type 2 diabetes: a narrative review of the mechanisms.Frontiers in nutrition · 2025Review
- The role of exercise-induced short-chain fatty acids in the gut-muscle axis: implications for sarcopenia prevention and therapy.Frontiers in microbiology · 2025Review
- Effects ofFrontiers in nutrition · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Since insulin resistance can lead to hyperglycemia, improving glucose uptake into target tissues is critical for regulating blood glucose levels. Among the free fatty acid receptor (FFAR) family of G protein-coupled receptors, GPR41 is known to be the Gαi/o-coupled receptor for short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) such as propionic acid (C3) and valeric acid (C5). This study aimed to investigate the role of GPR41 in modulating basal and insulin-stimulated glucose uptake in insulin-sensitive cells including adipocytes and skeletal muscle cells. Expression of GPR41 mRNA and protein was increased with maximal expression at differentiation day 8 for 3T3-L1 adipocytes and day 6 for C2C12 myotubes. GPR41 protein was also expressed in adipose tissues and skeletal muscle. After analyzing dose-response relationship, 300 µM propionic acid or 500 µM valeric acid for 30 min incubation was used for the measurement of glucose uptake. Both propionic acid and valeric acid increased insulin-stimulated glucose uptake in 3T3-L1 adipocyte, which did not occur in cells transfected with siRNA for GPR41 (siGPR41). In C2C12 myotubes, these SCFAs increased basal glucose uptake, but did not potentiate insulin-stimulated glucose uptake, and siGPR41 treatment reduced valerate-stimulated basal glucose uptake. Therefore, these findings indicate that GPR41 plays a role in insulin responsiveness enhanced by both propionic and valeric acids on glucose uptake in 3T3-L1 adipocytes and C2C12 myotubes, and in valerate-induced increase in basal glucose uptake in C2C12 myotubes.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.