ReviewNature immunology2014
The enemy within: endogenous retroelements and autoimmune disease.
Review in Nature immunology, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 163 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
163 citing papers in PubMed, 328 citations in OpenAlex.
- Reverse transcriptase inhibitors in Aicardi-Goutières syndrome: A crossover clinical trial.Developmental medicine and child neurology · 2025Trial
- Distinct interferon signatures and cytokine patterns define additional systemic autoinflammatory diseases.The Journal of clinical investigation · 2020Trial
- Microglia activation by derepression of endogenous retroviruses drives inflammation and cellular senescence.Nature neuroscience · 2026Article
- Transposable Elements Are Dynamically Regulated in Medium Spiny Neurons and May Contribute to the Molecular and Behavioral Adaptations to Cocaine.Biological psychiatry · 2026Article
- Type I Interferonopathies: Fifteen Years On, From Concept to Therapeutic Perspectives.Current rheumatology reports · 2026Review
- The Immunogenic Role of Self-DNA in T Cell Immunity.Clinical reviews in allergy & immunology · 2025Review
- Article
- Age and Sex Effects on Blood Retrotransposable Element Expression Levels: Findings From the Population-Based Rhineland Study.Aging cell · 2025Article
- Opposing roles of pseudokinases NRBP1 and NRBP2 in regulating L1 retrotransposition.Nature communications · 2025Article
- Adaptive evolution of koala retrovirus transcription silencing and what it means for conservation.Clinical and translational medicine · 2025Article
- Endogenous Retroelement Activation is Implicated in Interferon-α Production and Anti-Cyclic Citrullinated Peptide Autoantibody Generation in Early Rheumatoid Arthritis.Arthritis & rheumatology (Hoboken, N.J.) · 2025Article
- SLFN11 Restricts LINE-1 Mobility.Cells · 2025Article
- Anticancer Plant Secondary Metabolites Evicting Linker Histone H1.2 from Chromatin Activate Type I Interferon Signaling.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- LINE-1 retrotransposon activation drives age-associated inflammationContemporary oncology (Poznan, Poland) · 2025Review
- Distinct interactomes of ADAR1 nuclear and cytoplasmic protein isoforms and their responses to interferon induction.Nucleic acids research · 2024Article
- Review
- Human Endogenous Retroviruses Expression in Autoimmunity.The Yale journal of biology and medicine · 2024Review
- Enhanced Transcription of Human Endogenous Retroviruses and TRIM28 Downregulation in Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease.Viruses · 2024Article
- Functional Bidirectionality of ERV-Derived Long Non-Coding RNAs in Humans.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- Mechanism and target treatment of primary immunodeficiency diseases with systemic lupus erythematosus-like phenotype.Pediatric discovery · 2024Review
103 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Inappropriate or chronic detection of self nucleic acids by the innate immune system underlies many human autoimmune diseases. We discuss here an unexpected source of endogenous immunostimulatory nucleic acids: the reverse-transcribed cDNA of endogenous retroelements. The interplay between innate immune sensing and clearance of retroelement cDNA has important implications for the understanding of immune responses to infectious retroviruses such as human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Furthermore, the detection of cDNA by the innate immune system reveals an evolutionary tradeoff: selection for a vigorous, sensitive response to infectious retroviruses may predispose the inappropriate detection of endogenous retroelements. We propose that this tradeoff has placed unique constraints on the sensitivity of the DNA-activated antiviral response, with implications for the interactions of DNA viruses and retroviruses with their hosts. Finally, we discuss how better understanding of the intersection of retroelement biology and innate immunity can guide the way to novel therapies for specific autoimmune diseases.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.