Trial reportAddictive behaviors2014
Sex differences in response to reduced nicotine content cigarettes.
Trial report in Addictive behaviors, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 26 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
26 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 33 citations in OpenAlex.
- Nicotine Reduction in Cigarettes: Literature Review and Gap Analysis.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2019Pooled it
- Consideration of sex in clinical trials of transdermal nicotine patch: a systematic review.Experimental and clinical psychopharmacology · 2014Pooled it
- Manipulation of Menthol and Nicotine Content in Cigarettes: Effects on Smoking Behavior and Toxicant Exposure in Women Menthol Smokers.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2023Trial
- Effect of nicotine lozenge use prior to smoking cue presentation on craving and withdrawal symptom severity.Drug and alcohol dependence · 2020Trial
- Sex differences in tobacco smokers: Executive control network and frontostriatal connectivity.Drug and alcohol dependence · 2019Trial
- Association of Reduced Nicotine Content Cigarettes With Smoking Behaviors and Biomarkers of Exposure Among Slow and Fast Nicotine Metabolizers: A Nonrandomized Clinical Trial.JAMA network open · 2018Trial
- Reduced nicotine content cigarette advertising: How false beliefs and subjective ratings affect smoking behavior.Drug and alcohol dependence · 2017Trial
- Gender differences in snus versus nicotine gum for cigarette avoidance among a sample of US smokers.Drug and alcohol dependence · 2016Trial
- Perceived Health Risks of Snus and Medicinal Nicotine Products.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2016Trial
- A secondary analysis of the effects of IQOS use on cigarette smoking: Do the effects differ by sex?Drug and alcohol dependence · 2025Article
- Methodological approach for an integrated female-specific study of anxiety and smoking comorbidity.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2023Article
- Sex Differences in the Association of Cigarette Craving With Insula Structure.The international journal of neuropsychopharmacology · 2021Article
- Article
- Nicotine reduction does not alter essential value of nicotine or reduce cue-induced reinstatement of nicotine seeking.Drug and alcohol dependence · 2020Article
- Potential Moderating Effects of Sex/Gender on the Acute Relative Reinforcing and Subjective Effects of Reduced Nicotine Content Cigarettes in Vulnerable Populations.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2020Article
- Anxiety sensitivity and daily cigarette smoking in relation to sleep disturbances in treatment-seeking smokers.Cognitive behaviour therapy · 2020Article
- Longitudinal association between tobacco use and the onset of depressive symptoms among Swedish adolescents: the Kupol cohort study.European child & adolescent psychiatry · 2019Article
- Long-term smoking cessation rates in elderly versus other adult smokers: A 3-year follow-up study in Taiwan.Addictive behaviors reports · 2018Article
- Addiction and Dopamine: Sex Differences and Insights from Studies of Smoking.Current opinion in behavioral sciences · 2018Article
- Sex differences in tobacco withdrawal and responses to smoking reduced-nicotine cigarettes in young smokers.Psychopharmacology · 2018Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundWhen switching from usual brand cigarettes, very low nicotine content (VLNC) cigarettes lead to a reduction in the number of cigarettes smoked, toxicant exposure, withdrawal symptoms and dependence. One area that has been relatively unexplored is what factors might moderate the effects of VLNC cigarettes. This exploratory analysis focuses on sex differences in responses to VLNC cigarettes and nicotine replacement therapy.
methodsAn exploratory secondary analysis of a randomized trial of 235 participants (58% female, mean age 47 years) comparing a) 0.05-0.09 mg nicotine yield cigarettes; b) 21 mg nicotine patch and 3) 0.05-0.09 nicotine yield cigarettes with 21 mg nicotine patch was conducted. We focused on sex differences in product use, and impact of products on withdrawal response from usual brand cigarettes and abstinence by randomized group.
resultsThe combination of VLNC cigarettes and nicotine patch was more effective in reducing use of VLNC cigarettes and withdrawal symptoms among males than females, whereas females were equally responsive to VLNC cigarettes with and without the nicotine patch. Females were more likely to quit smoking than males when assigned to either of the conditions that incorporated the VLNC cigarettes; however, males were more likely to quit smoking in the nicotine patch alone condition than females.
conclusionSex of the smoker may be an important determinant for effects of VLNC cigarettes and nicotine patch. Future large randomized trials to confirm these results are needed.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.