SynthesisBreast cancer research : BCR2014
Smoking at time of diagnosis and breast cancer-specific survival: new findings and systematic review with meta-analysis.
Synthesis in Breast cancer research : BCR, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 45 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
45 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Impact of smoking on subtypes and molecular profile of breast cancer: a systematic review.Exploration of targeted anti-tumor therapy · 2026Pooled it
- Survival Rate of Breast Cancer in Eastern Mediterranean Region Countries: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Annals of global health · 2019Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Impact of smoking history on the outcomes of women with early-stage breast cancer: a secondary analysis of a randomized study.Medical oncology (Northwood, London, England) · 2018Trial
- Trial
- Community Factors and County-Level Cancer Screening, Prevalence, and Mortality.JAMA network open · 2025Article
- Treatment Patterns and Outcomes of Patients With Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor 2-Positive Breast Cancer in Tanzania.JCO global oncology · 2025Article
- Life's Essential 8 and Cardiovascular Disease in Breast Cancer Survivors.Current cardiology reports · 2025Review
- Article
- Identifying determinants of adherence to adjuvant endocrine therapy following breast cancer: A systematic review of reviews.Cancer medicine · 2024Review
- A systematic review of preclinical studies evaluating the association between nicotine and the initiation and progression of cancer.Annals of translational medicine · 2023Review
- Hypothetical Interventions on Diet Quality and Lifestyle Factors to Improve Breast Cancer Survival: The Pathways Study.Cancer epidemiology, biomarkers & prevention : a publication of the American Association for Cancer Research, cosponsored by the American Society of Preventive Oncology · 2023Article
- The Future of Breast Cancer Research in the Survivorship Field.Oncology and therapy · 2023Review
- Adherence to Cancer Prevention Lifestyle Recommendations Before, During, and 2 Years After Treatment for High-risk Breast Cancer.JAMA network open · 2023Observational
- Association of Cigarette Smoking and Alcohol Consumption With Subsequent Mortality Among Black Breast Cancer Survivors in New Jersey.JAMA network open · 2023Article
- The Association between Smoking and Mortality in Women with Breast Cancer: A Real-World Database Analysis.Cancers · 2022Article
- Effect of Smoking on Treatment Efficacy and Toxicity in Patients with Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Cancers · 2022Review
- Epidemiology beyond its limits.Science advances · 2022Article
- Epigenetic Determinants of Racial Disparity in Breast Cancer: Looking beyond Genetic Alterations.Cancers · 2022Review
- Tomotherapy-based moderate hypofractionation for localized prostate cancer: a mono-institutional analysis.Reports of practical oncology and radiotherapy : journal of Greatpoland Cancer Center in Poznan and Polish Society of Radiation Oncology · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
introductionIn women with breast cancer who smoke, it is unclear whether smoking could impair their survival from the disease.
methodsWe examined the relation of smoking at diagnosis to breast cancer-specific and overall survival among 5,892 women with invasive breast cancer treated in one Canadian center (1987 to 2008). Women were classified as never, former or current smokers. Current smokers were further classified according to total, intensity and duration of smoking. Deaths were identified through linkage to population mortality data. Cox proportional-hazards multivariate models were used. A systematic review with meta-analysis combines new findings with published results.
resultsCompared with never smokers, current smokers at diagnosis had a slightly, but not statistically significant, higher breast cancer-specific mortality (hazard ratio = 1.15, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.97 to 1.37). Among current smokers, breast cancer-specific mortality increased with total exposure to, intensity and duration of smoking (all Ptrend <0.05). Compared to never smokers, breast cancer-specific mortality was 32 to 56% higher among heavy smokers (more than 30 pack years of smoking, more than 20 cigarettes per day or more than 30 years of smoking). Smoking at diagnosis was associated with an increased all-cause mortality rate. A meta-analysis of all studies showed a statistically significant, 33% increased mortality from breast cancer in women with breast cancer who are smokers at diagnosis compared to never smokers (hazard ratio = 1.33, 95% CI: 1.12 to 1.58).
conclusionsAvailable evidence to date indicates that smoking at diagnosis is associated with a reduction of both overall and breast cancer-specific survival. Studies of the effect of smoking cessation after diagnosis on breast cancer-specific outcomes are needed.
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