ArticlePhysiological reports2014
Low force contractions induce fatigue consistent with muscle mRNA expression in people with spinal cord injury.
Article in Physiological reports, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to 3 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 23 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Novel Intervention to Influence Muscle Plasticity in Veterans
Musculoskeletal Plasticity After Spinal Cord Injury
Long Duration Activity and Metabolic Control After Spinal Cord Injury
Who cites it
23 citing papers in PubMed, 23 citations in OpenAlex.
- Strategies to mitigate muscle mass loss in individuals with spinal cord injury.The journal of spinal cord medicine · 2026Review
- ACL injury reprograms quadriceps myonuclear epigenetic and transcriptional signatures in mice.Molecular medicine (Cambridge, Mass.) · 2026Article
- Precision Rehabilitation in Spinal Cord Injury: A Systematic Review of Omics Applications for Intervention Monitoring in Spinal Cord Injury.Archives of rehabilitation research and clinical translation · 2026Review
- GsMTx-4 combined with exercise improves skeletal muscle structure and motor function in rats with spinal cord injury.PloS one · 2025Article
- Low-frequency electrically induced exercise after spinal cord injury: Physiologic challenge to skeletal muscle and feasibility for long-term use.The journal of spinal cord medicine · 2024Article
- Distinct Genomic Expression Signatures after Low-Force Electrically Induced Exercises in Persons with Spinal Cord Injury.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
- Impaired Glucose Tolerance and Visceral Adipose Tissue Thickness among Lean and Non-Lean People with and without Spinal Cord Injury.Journal of functional morphology and kinesiology · 2023Article
- Acute Low Force Electrically Induced Exercise Modulates Post Prandial Glycemic Markers in People with Spinal Cord Injury.Journal of functional morphology and kinesiology · 2022Article
- Genomic and Epigenomic Evaluation of Electrically Induced Exercise in People With Spinal Cord Injury: Application to Precision Rehabilitation.Physical therapy · 2022Article
- Pharmacologic approaches to prevent skeletal muscle atrophy after spinal cord injury.Current opinion in pharmacology · 2021Review
- Neuromuscular Electrical Stimulation Primes Feedback Control During a Novel Single Leg Task.Journal of motor behavior · 2021Article
- Impact of short- and long-term electrically induced muscle exercise on gene signaling pathways, gene expression, and PGC1a methylation in men with spinal cord injury.Physiological genomics · 2020Article
- Myotonic dystrophy type 1 alters muscle twitch properties, spinal reflexes, and perturbation-induced trans-cortical reflexes.Muscle & nerve · 2020Article
- Hybrid stimulation enhances torque as a function of muscle fusion in human paralyzed and non-paralyzed skeletal muscle.The journal of spinal cord medicine · 2019Article
- Fatigability during volitional walking in incomplete spinal cord injury: cardiorespiratory and motor performance considerations.Neural regeneration research · 2018Article
- Fatigability, oxygen uptake kinetics and muscle deoxygenation in incomplete spinal cord injury during treadmill walking.European journal of applied physiology · 2017Article
- What Can be Learned from the Time Course of Changes in Low-Frequency Stimulated Muscle?European journal of translational myology · 2017Article
- Low-Force Muscle Activity Regulates Energy Expenditure after Spinal Cord Injury.Medicine and science in sports and exercise · 2017Article
- Altered gene expression and repressed markers of autophagy in skeletal muscle of insulin resistant patients with type 2 diabetes.Scientific reports · 2017Article
- Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) is associated with muscle atrophy, transformation of muscle fibers to a fast fatigable phenotype, metabolic inflexibility (diabetes), and neurogenic osteoporosis. Electrical stimulation of paralyzed muscle may mitigate muscle metabolic abnormalities after SCI, but there is a risk for a fracture to the osteoporotic skeletal system. The goal of this study was to determine if low force stimulation (3 Hz) causes fatigue of chronically paralyzed muscle consistent with selected muscle gene expression profiles. We tested 29 subjects, nine with a SCI and 20 without and SCI, during low force fatigue protocol. Three SCI and three non-SCI subjects were muscle biopsied for gene and protein expression analysis. The fatigue index (FI) was 0.21 ± 0.27 and 0.91 ± 0.01 for the SCI and non-SCI groups, respectively, supporting that the low force protocol physiologically fatigued the chronically paralyzed muscle. The post fatigue potentiation index (PI) for the SCI group was increased to 1.60 ± 0.06 (P <0.001), while the non-SCI group was 1.26 ± 0.02 supporting that calcium handling was compromised with the low force stimulation. The mRNA expression from genes that regulate atrophy and fast properties (MSTN, ANKRD1, MYH8, and MYCBP2) was up regulated, while genes that regulate oxidative and slow muscle properties (MYL3, SDHB, PDK2, and RyR1) were repressed in the chronic SCI muscle. MSTN, ANKRD1, MYH8, MYCBP2 gene expression was also repressed 3 h after the low force stimulation protocol. Taken together, these findings support that a low force single twitch activation protocol induces paralyzed muscle fatigue and subsequent gene regulation. These findings suggest that training with a low force protocol may elicit skeletal muscle adaptations in people with SCI.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.