ReviewFrontiers in immunology2014
Live vaccination tactics: possible approaches for controlling visceral leishmaniasis.
Review in Frontiers in immunology, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 33 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
33 citing papers in PubMed, 63 citations in OpenAlex.
- Current Applications and Immunological Considerations ofMicroorganisms · 2026Review
- Saurian-associated Leishmania tarentolae in dogs: Infectivity and immunogenicity evaluation in the canine model.PLoS pathogens · 2024Article
- Advances inPathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- COMPARING vaccine manufacturing technologies recombinant DNA vs in vitro transcribed (IVT) mRNA.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Immunization withVaccines · 2024Article
- From classical approaches to new developments in genetic engineering of live attenuated vaccine against cutaneous leishmaniasis: potential and immunization.Frontiers in public health · 2024Review
- Leishmania (Sauroleishmania) tarentolae versus pathogenic species: comparative evaluation of protease activity, glycoconjugates, resistance to complement and metabolome composition.Memorias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz · 2024Article
- Immunisation with TransgenicMicroorganisms · 2023Article
- Toll-like Receptor-9 (TLR-9) Signaling Is Crucial for Inducing Protective Immunity following Immunization with Genetically Modified Live AttenuatedPathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Leishmania tarentolae: a vaccine platform to target dendritic cells and a surrogate pathogen for next generation vaccine research in leishmaniases and viral infections.Parasites & vectors · 2023Review
- Leishmania Vaccines: the Current Situation with Its Promising Aspect for the Future.The Korean journal of parasitology · 2022Article
- Article
- Detection of Leishmania tarentolae in lizards, sand flies and dogs in southern Italy, where Leishmania infantum is endemic: hindrances and opportunities.Parasites & vectors · 2021Article
- Inoculation of theMicroorganisms · 2021Article
- Contained Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection induces concomitant and heterologous protection.PLoS pathogens · 2020Article
- Vaccines for leishmaniasis and the implications of their development for American tegumentary leishmaniasis.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2020Review
- Subcutaneous Immunization ofVaccines · 2020Article
- Review
- Mapping Alterations Induced by Long-Term Axenic Cultivation ofFrontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2019Article
- Growth arrested live-attenuated Leishmania infantum KHARON1 null mutants display cytokinesis defect and protective immunity in mice.Scientific reports · 2018Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Vaccination with durable immunity is the main goal and fundamental to control leishmaniasis. To stimulate the immune response, small numbers of parasites are necessary to be presented in the mammalian host. Similar to natural course of infection, strategy using live vaccine is more attractive when compared to other approaches. Live vaccines present the whole spectrum of antigens to the host immune system in the absence of any adjuvant. Leishmanization was the first effort for live vaccination and currently used in a few countries against cutaneous leishmaniasis, in spite of their obstacle and safety. Then, live attenuated vaccines developed with similar promotion of creating long-term immunity in the host with lower side effect. Different examples of attenuated strains are generated through long-term in vitro culturing, culturing under drug pressure, temperature sensitivity, and chemical mutagenesis, but none is safe enough and their revision to virulent form is possible. Attenuation through genetic manipulation and disruption of virulence factors or essential enzymes for intracellular survival are among other approaches that are intensively under study. Other designs to develop live vaccines for visceral form of leishmaniasis are utilization of live avirulent microorganisms such as Lactococcus lactis, Salmonella enterica, and Leishmania tarentolae called as vectored vaccine. Apparently, these vaccines are intrinsically safer and can harbor the candidate antigens in their genome through different genetic manipulation and create more potential to control Leishmania parasite as an intracellular pathogen.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.