Evidence map›Paper›PMID 24744739›Full record

ReviewFrontiers in psychology2014

Postdiction: its implications on visual awareness, hindsight, and sense of agency.

Shinsuke Shimojo

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Frontiers in psychology, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 38 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
38citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

38 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Trial
  2. Article
  3. Article
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  5. Article
  6. Article
  7. Motivation and Time: Motivational Congruence Theory's Stance.Integrative psychological & behavioral science · 2025
    Article
  8. Article
  9. Article
  10. Article
  11. Article
  12. Article
  13. Postdiction in Visual Awareness in Schizophrenia.Behavioral sciences (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022
    Article
  14. Article
  15. Article
  16. Physical Time Within Human Time.Frontiers in psychology · 2022
    Article
  17. Predictions drive neural representations of visual events ahead of incoming sensory information.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2020
    Article
  18. Article
  19. Article
  20. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

1 author.

Shinsuke ShimojoShimojo Psychophysics Laboratory, Division of Biology and Biological Engineering/Computation and Neural Systems, California Institute of Technology Pasadena, CA, USA.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

There are a few postdictive perceptual phenomena known, in which a stimulus presented later seems causally to affect the percept of another stimulus presented earlier. While backward masking provides a classical example, the flash lag effect stimulates theorists with a variety of intriguing findings. The TMS-triggered scotoma together with "backward filling-in" of it offer a unique neuroscientific case. Findings suggest that various visual attributes are reorganized in a postdictive fashion to be consistent with each other, or to be consistent in a causality framework. In terms of the underlying mechanisms, four prototypical models have been considered: the "catch up," the "reentry," the "different pathway" and the "memory revision" models. By extending the list of postdictive phenomena to memory, sensory-motor and higher-level cognition, one may note that such a postdictive reconstruction may be a general principle of neural computation, ranging from milliseconds to months in a time scale, from local neuronal interactions to long-range connectivity, in the complex brain. The operational definition of the "postdictive phenomenon" can be applicable to such a wide range of sensory/cognitive effects across a wide range of time scale, even though the underlying neural mechanisms may vary across them. This has significant implications in interpreting "free will" and "sense of agency" in functional, psychophysical and neuroscientific terms.

Indexed as

causality perceptionflash lagfree willhindsightpostdictionsense of agencyTMS

Identifiers

PMID24744739
PMCPMC3978293

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.