Trial reportPloS one2014
Ethnic variations in severe maternal morbidity in the UK- a case control study.
Trial report in PloS one, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 25 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
25 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Socioeconomic, demographic and obstetric determinants of maternal near miss in Africa: A systematic review.PloS one · 2025Pooled it
- Socioeconomic inequalities and adverse pregnancy outcomes in the UK and Republic of Ireland: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMJ open · 2021Pooled it
- Maternal hemoglobin concentrations across pregnancy and maternal and child health: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences · 2019Pooled it
- The Role of Ethnicity and Migration in Perinatal Inequalities: A Retrospective Cohort Study.BJOG : an international journal of obstetrics and gynaecology · 2026Article
- Use of evidence from the UK Obstetric Surveillance System in policy and clinical practice: a descriptive study using citation tracking.NIHR open research · 2026Article
- Ethnic Disparities in Severe Maternal Morbidity and the Contribution of Deprivation: A Population-Based Causal Analysis.BJOG : an international journal of obstetrics and gynaecology · 2025Article
- Diet, Weight Status, and Pregnancy Outcomes Among Native and Migrant Women in Jersey, Channel Islands.Nutrients · 2025Observational
- Emergency Maternal Hospital Readmissions in the Postnatal Period: A Population-Based Cohort Study.BJOG : an international journal of obstetrics and gynaecology · 2025Article
- Associations between neighbourhood deprivation, ethnicity and maternal health outcomes in England: a nationwide cohort study using routinely collected healthcare data.Journal of epidemiology and community health · 2024Article
- Ethnic background as a risk factor for permanent brachial plexus birth injury: A population-based study.Acta obstetricia et gynecologica Scandinavica · 2024Article
- Impact of maternal risk factors on ethnic disparities in maternal mortality: a national population-based cohort study.The Lancet regional health. Europe · 2024Article
- Reviewing the past to inform the future: an 8-year review of severe maternal morbidity.AJOG global reports · 2022Article
- Role of ethnicity in high-level obstetric clinical incidents: a review of cases from a large UK NHS maternity unit.BMJ open quality · 2022Review
- Validation of ethnicity in administrative hospital data in women giving birth in England: cohort study.BMJ open · 2021Article
- Shaping birth: variation in the birth canal and the importance of inclusive obstetric care.Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences · 2021Review
- Maternal near miss among women admitted in major private hospitals in eastern Ethiopia: a retrospective study.BMC pregnancy and childbirth · 2021Article
- Skin Color and Severe Maternal Outcomes: Evidence from the Brazilian Network for Surveillance of Severe Maternal Morbidity.BioMed research international · 2019Article
- Predictors of coverage of the national maternal pertussis and infant rotavirus vaccination programmes in England.Epidemiology and infection · 2018Article
- Skin Color and Maternal Near Miss: Exploring a Demographic and Health Survey in Brazil.Revista brasileira de ginecologia e obstetricia : revista da Federacao Brasileira das Sociedades de Ginecologia e Obstetricia · 2017Article
- Risk factors and newborn outcomes associated with maternal deaths in the UK from 2009 to 2013: a national case-control study.BJOG : an international journal of obstetrics and gynaecology · 2016Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundPrevious studies showed a higher risk of maternal morbidity amongst black and other minority ethnic (BME) groups, but were unable to investigate whether this excess risk was concentrated within specific BME groups in the UK. Our aim was to analyse the specific risks and to investigate reasons for any disparity.
methodsUnmatched case-control analysis using data from the United Kingdom Obstetric Surveillance System (UKOSS), February 2005-January 2013. Cases were 1,753 women who experienced severe morbidity during the peripartum period. Controls were 3,310 women who delivered immediately before the cases in the same hospital. Multivariable logistic regression modelling was used to adjust for known confounders and to understand their effects.
resultsCompared with white European women, the odds of severe maternal morbidity were 83% higher among black African women (adjusted odds ratio (aOR) = 1.83; 95% Confidence Interval (CI) = 1.39-2.40), 80% higher among black Caribbean (aOR = 1.80; 95% CI = 1.14-2.82), 74% higher in Bangladeshi (aOR = 1.74; 95% CI = 1.05-2.88), 56% higher in other non-whites (non-Asian) (aOR = 1.56; 95% CI = 1.05-2.33) and 43% higher among Pakistani women (aOR = 1.43; 95% CI = 1.07-1.92). There was no evidence of substantial confounding. Anaemia in current pregnancy, previous pregnancy problems, inadequate utilisation of antenatal care, pre-existing medical conditions, parity>3, and being younger and older were independent risk factors but, the odds of severe maternal morbidity did not differ by socioeconomic status, between smokers and non-smokers or by BMI. DISCUSSION: This national study demonstrates an increased risk of severe maternal morbidity among women of ethnic minority backgrounds which could not be explained by known risk factors for severe maternal morbidity.
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