ArticlePLoS pathogens2014
The apical complex provides a regulated gateway for secretion of invasion factors in Toxoplasma.
Article in PLoS pathogens, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 60 papers.
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Who cites it
60 citing papers in PubMed, 122 citations in OpenAlex.
- The apical polar ring is essential during the blood stage of Plasmodium falciparum.Nature microbiology · 2026Article
- The human parasite, Toxoplasma gondii, is paralyzed without two components of the apical polar ring.PLoS pathogens · 2026Article
- Two anchoring proteins control daughter apical complex assembly inbioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- The essential function of the apical polar ring during the blood stage ofbioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- An apical ring protein essential for conoid complex assembly and daughter cell formation in Toxoplasma gondii.Nature communications · 2025Article
- RNG2 tethers the conoid to the apical polar ring in Toxoplasma gondii to enable parasite motility and invasion.PLoS biology · 2025Article
- Co-dependent formation of themBio · 2025Article
- A review of natural products as a source of next-generation drugs against apicomplexan parasites.npj antimicrobials and resistance · 2025Review
- Iron-mediated post-transcriptional regulation in Toxoplasma gondii.PLoS pathogens · 2025Article
- Architecture of theProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2024Article
- The initiation and early development of apical-basal polarity in Toxoplasma gondii.Journal of cell science · 2024Article
- A myzozoan-specific protein is an essential membrane-anchoring component of the succinate dehydrogenase complex inOpen biology · 2024Article
- Co-dependent formation of thebioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2024Article
- Balancing Act: Tubulin Glutamylation and Microtubule Dynamics inMicroorganisms · 2024Review
- Article
- Analysis of CDPK1 targets identifies a trafficking adaptor complex that regulates microneme exocytosis ineLife · 2023Article
- Analysis of CDPK1 targets identifies a trafficking adaptor complex that regulates microneme exocytosis inbioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2023Article
- Article
- An essential role for an Fe-S cluster protein in the cytochrome c oxidase complex of Toxoplasma parasites.PLoS pathogens · 2023Article
- Cryo-Electron Tomography of Toxoplasma gondii Indicates That the Conoid Fiber May Be Derived from Microtubules.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The apical complex is the definitive cell structure of phylum Apicomplexa, and is the focus of the events of host cell penetration and the establishment of intracellular parasitism. Despite the importance of this structure, its molecular composition is relatively poorly known and few studies have experimentally tested its functions. We have characterized a novel Toxoplasma gondii protein, RNG2, that is located at the apical polar ring--the common structural element of apical complexes. During cell division, RNG2 is first recruited to centrosomes immediately after their duplication, confirming that assembly of the new apical complex commences as one of the earliest events of cell replication. RNG2 subsequently forms a ring, with the carboxy- and amino-termini anchored to the apical polar ring and mobile conoid, respectively, linking these two structures. Super-resolution microscopy resolves these two termini, and reveals that RNG2 orientation flips during invasion when the conoid is extruded. Inducible knockdown of RNG2 strongly inhibits host cell invasion. Consistent with this, secretion of micronemes is prevented in the absence of RNG2. This block, however, can be fully or partially overcome by exogenous stimulation of calcium or cGMP signaling pathways, respectively, implicating the apical complex directly in these signaling events. RNG2 demonstrates for the first time a role for the apical complex in controlling secretion of invasion factors in this important group of parasites.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.