SynthesisPloS one2014
Case fatality rate and length of hospital stay among patients with typhoid intestinal perforation in developing countries: a systematic literature review.
Synthesis in PloS one, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 30 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
30 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 65 citations in OpenAlex.
- Case Fatality Rate of Enteric Fever in Endemic Countries: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2018Pooled it
- Fluoroquinolone-resistantJournal of surgical case reports · 2026Article
- Current Landscape of Children's Surgery in Africa: A Multicenter Analysis of 16,000 Cases.World journal of surgery · 2025Article
- Article
- Typhoid intestinal perforation in Francophone Africa, a scoping review.PLOS global public health · 2024Article
- Typhoid fever.Nature reviews. Disease primers · 2023Review
- The Burden of Typhoid Fever in Sub-Saharan Africa: A Perspective.Research and reports in tropical medicine · 2022Review
- Clinicoepidemiological Observations of Enteric Fever in Infants: Experiences From a Tertiary Care Pediatric Hospital in North India.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2021Article
- Ileal Perforation and Enteric Fever: Implications for Burden of Disease Estimation.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2021Article
- Burden of Ileal Perforations Among Surgical Patients Admitted in Tertiary Care Hospitals of Three Asian countries: Surveillance of Enteric Fever in Asia Project (SEAP), September 2016-September 2019.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2020Article
- Article
- Intestinal Perforations Associated With a High Mortality and Frequent Complications During an Epidemic of Multidrug-resistant Typhoid Fever in Blantyre, Malawi.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2020Article
- A Multicenter Cost-of-Illness and Long-term Socioeconomic Follow-up Study in the Severe Typhoid Fever in Africa Program: Study Protocol.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2019Article
- Generating the Evidence for Typhoid Vaccine Introduction: Considerations for Global Disease Burden Estimates and Vaccine Testing Through Human Challenge.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2019Review
- Social and Economic Burden Associated With Typhoid Fever in Kathmandu and Surrounding Areas: A Qualitative Study.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2018Article
- Typhoid fever outbreak in the Democratic Republic of Congo: Case control and ecological study.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2018Article
- Typhoid fever: clinical presentation and associated factors in febrile patients visiting Shashemene Referral Hospital, southern Ethiopia.BMC research notes · 2018Article
- Typhoid intestinal perforation in developing countries: Still unavoidable deaths?World journal of gastroenterology · 2017Article
- Live Attenuated Human Salmonella Vaccine Candidates: Tracking the Pathogen in Natural Infection and Stimulation of Host Immunity.EcoSal Plus · 2016Review
- Enteric Fever: A Slow Response to an Old Plague.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2016Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundTyphoid fever remains a major health problem in the developing world. Intestinal perforation is a lethal complication and continues to occur in impoverished areas despite advances in preventive and therapeutic strategies.
objectivesTo estimate the case fatality rate (CFR) and length of hospital stay among patients with typhoid intestinal perforation in developing countries. DATA SOURCES: Peer-reviewed publications listed in PubMed and Google Scholar. STUDY ELIGIBILITY: The publications containing data on CFR or length of hospitalization for typhoid fever from low, lower middle and upper middle income countries based on World Bank classification. Limits are English language, human research and publication date from 1st January 1991 to 31st December 2011.
participantsSubjects with reported typhoid intestinal perforation.
interventionsNone, standard practice as reported in the publication. STUDY APPRAISAL AND SYNTHESIS
methodsSystematic literature review followed by meta-analysis after regional classification on primary data. Descriptive methods were applied on secondary data.
resultsFrom 42 published reports, a total of 4,626 hospitalized typhoid intestinal perforation cases and 706 deaths were recorded (CFR = 15·4%; 95% CI; 13·0%-17·8%) with a significant regional differences. The overall mean length of hospitalization for intestinal perforation from 23 studies was 18.4 days (N = 2,542; 95% CI; 15.6-21.1). LIMITATIONS: Most typhoid intestinal perforation studies featured in this review were from a limited number of countries.
conclusionsThe CFR estimated in this review is a substantial reduction from the 39.6% reported from a literature review for years 1960 to 1990. Aggressive resuscitation, appropriate antimicrobial coverage, and prompt surgical intervention may have contributed to decrease mortality. IMPLICATIONS: The quantification of intestinal perforation outcomes and its regional disparities as presented here is valuable in prioritizing and targeting typhoid-preventive interventions to the most affected areas.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.