ArticleNeuron2014
Colony-stimulating factor 1 receptor signaling is necessary for microglia viability, unmasking a microglia progenitor cell in the adult brain.
Article in Neuron, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1,174 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
1,174 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 1,980 citations in OpenAlex.
- The impact of CSF1R inhibitor-mediated microglial depletion in rodent models of Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in aging neuroscience · 2026Pooled it
- Phase 1, First-In-Human, Single-/Multiple-Ascending Dose Study of Iluzanebart in Healthy Volunteers.Annals of clinical and translational neurology · 2025Trial
- Adolescent M-CSF Administration Provides Durable Protection Against Trauma-Induced PTSD-Like Phenotypes in Male Mice Through Microglia-Dependent Mechanisms.Neurochemical research · 2026Article
- Marked intrafamilial phenotypic heterogeneity associated with the CSF1R c.2539G>A pathogenic variant in a Japanese family.Journal of neural transmission (Vienna, Austria : 1996) · 2026Article
- Injury and therapy in a human spinal cord organoid.Nature biomedical engineering · 2026Article
- Glial cells in neuropathic pain.Physiological reviews · 2026Review
- Glioma microenvironment: Cellular crosstalk, immunosuppression, and novel therapeutic perspectives.Chinese medical journal · 2026Review
- Plasticity of the infant immune system during the perinatal period.Nature reviews. Immunology · 2026Review
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- Microglia and neuroinflammation: An in-depth analysis from functional diversity to disease mechanisms.Clinical and translational medicine · 2026Review
- Repopulating microglia recapitulate developmental characteristics during a period of auditory circuit recovery.Hearing research · 2026Article
- Article
- Bridging the gap: neuroinflammation and the dawn of precision medicine in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.Translational neurodegeneration · 2026Review
- Activity-dependent protein synthesis in neurons requires microglial-metabolic coupling.Cell metabolism · 2026Article
- Microglial maturation across human and mouse as a reference for interpreting large-animal models of perinatal brain injury.Pediatric research · 2026Review
- Immunotherapy for Diffuse Midline Glioma: From Preclinical Modeling to Clinical Translation.Cancers · 2026Review
- Astrocytes in Multiple Sclerosis: Getting to the Core.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
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- PLX3397 Reshapes Hepatic Lipid Metabolism Independent of Microglial Depletion.Neuroscience bulletin · 2026Article
- Reconstituting central nervous system niche cues partially restores homeostatic-like features in cultured murine primary microglia.Scientific reports · 2026Article
1,114 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
11 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
The colony-stimulating factor 1 receptor (CSF1R) is a key regulator of myeloid lineage cells. Genetic loss of the CSF1R blocks the normal population of resident microglia in the brain that originates from the yolk sac during early development. However, the role of CSF1R signaling in microglial homeostasis in the adult brain is largely unknown. To this end, we tested the effects of selective CSF1R inhibitors on microglia in adult mice. Surprisingly, extensive treatment results in elimination of ∼99% of all microglia brain-wide, showing that microglia in the adult brain are physiologically dependent upon CSF1R signaling. Mice depleted of microglia show no behavioral or cognitive abnormalities, revealing that microglia are not necessary for these tasks. Finally, we discovered that the microglia-depleted brain completely repopulates with new microglia within 1 week of inhibitor cessation. Microglial repopulation throughout the CNS occurs through proliferation of nestin-positive cells that then differentiate into microglia.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.