Evidence map›Paper›PMID 24741050›Full record

Trial reportThe Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience2014

TMS-EEG signatures of GABAergic neurotransmission in the human cortex.

Isabella Premoli, Nazareth Castellanos, Davide Rivolta, Paolo Belardinelli, Ricardo Bajo, Carl Zipser, Svenja Espenhahn, Tonio Heidegger, Florian Müller-Dahlhaus, Ulf Ziemann

Open access · bronzeAbstract readRandomized Controlled Trial
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Trial report in The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 174 papers, 7 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
174citing papers in PubMed, 7 pooled it
13.5field-weighted citation impact, top 1% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

174 citing papers in PubMed, 7 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 399 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Potential TMS biomarkers for GABAAlcohol, clinical & experimental research · 2025
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  12. Cortical Excitability, Synaptic Plasticity, and Cognition in Benign Epilepsy With Centrotemporal Spikes: A Pilot TMS-EMG-EEG Study.Journal of clinical neurophysiology : official publication of the American Electroencephalographic Society · 2020
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114 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors at 5 institutions in 3 countries.

Isabella PremoliDepartment of Neurology and Stroke, and Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, Eberhard-Karls-University Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany, International Max Planck Research School, 72076 Tübingen, Germany, Laboratory of Cognitive and Computational Neuroscience, Centre for Biomedical Technology, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28660 Madrid, Spain, School of Psychology, University of East London, E15 4LZ London, United Kingdom, Department of Neurophysiology, Max Planck Institute for Brain Research, 60528 Frankfurt am Main, Germany, Ernst Strüngmann Institute for Neuroscience in Cooperation with Max Planck Society, 60528 Frankfurt am Main, Germany, Functional and Restorative Neurosurgery, University Hospital Tübingen, Eberhard Karls University, 72076 Tübingen, Germany, and Department of Neurology, Goethe-University, 60528 Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
Nazareth Castellanos
Davide Rivolta
Paolo Belardinelli
Ricardo Bajo
Carl Zipser
Svenja Espenhahn
Tonio Heidegger
Florian Müller-Dahlhaus
Ulf Ziemann
Goethe University Frankfurt · DETH Bingen University of Applied Sciences · DEUniversidad Politécnica de Madrid · ESHertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research · DEUniversity of East London · GB

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Combining transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) and electroencephalography (EEG) constitutes a powerful tool to directly assess human cortical excitability and connectivity. TMS of the primary motor cortex elicits a sequence of TMS-evoked EEG potentials (TEPs). It is thought that inhibitory neurotransmission through GABA-A receptors (GABAAR) modulates early TEPs (<50 ms after TMS), whereas GABA-B receptors (GABABR) play a role for later TEPs (at ∼100 ms after TMS). However, the physiological underpinnings of TEPs have not been clearly elucidated yet. Here, we studied the role of GABAA/B-ergic neurotransmission for TEPs in healthy subjects using a pharmaco-TMS-EEG approach. In Experiment 1, we tested the effects of a single oral dose of alprazolam (a classical benzodiazepine acting as allosteric-positive modulator at α1, α2, α3, and α5 subunit-containing GABAARs) and zolpidem (a positive modulator mainly at the α1 GABAAR) in a double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover study. In Experiment 2, we tested the influence of baclofen (a GABABR agonist) and diazepam (a classical benzodiazepine) versus placebo on TEPs. Alprazolam and diazepam increased the amplitude of the negative potential at 45 ms after stimulation (N45) and decreased the negative component at 100 ms (N100), whereas zolpidem increased the N45 only. In contrast, baclofen specifically increased the N100 amplitude. These results provide strong evidence that the N45 represents activity of α1-subunit-containing GABAARs, whereas the N100 represents activity of GABABRs. Findings open a novel window of opportunity to study alteration of GABAA-/GABAB-related inhibition in disorders, such as epilepsy or schizophrenia.

Indexed as

ElectroencephalographyTranscranial Magnetic StimulationAdultBrain MappingCross-Over StudiesDose-Response Relationship, DrugDouble-Blind MethodElectromyographyEvoked PotentialsGABA Agentsgamma-Aminobutyric AcidHumansMaleMotor CortexSynaptic TransmissionTime FactorsGABA Agentsgamma-Aminobutyric AcidelectroencephalographyGABAhuman cortexinhibitionpharmaco-TMS-EEGtranscranial magnetic stimulation

Identifiers

PMID24741050
PMCPMC6608220
OpenAlexW1992885267

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.