ArticleJournal of neuroinflammation2014
The in vitro GcMAF effects on endocannabinoid system transcriptionomics, receptor formation, and cell activity of autism-derived macrophages.
Article in Journal of neuroinflammation, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT03848481 (Cannabidivarin), which is not on this map. Cited by 19 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Cannabidivarin (CBDV) vs. Placebo in Children and Adults up to Age 30 With Prader-Willi Syndrome (PWS)
Who cites it
19 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 55 citations in OpenAlex.
- Cannabinoid Receptors: An Update on Cell Signaling, Pathophysiological Roles and Therapeutic Opportunities in Neurological, Cardiovascular, and Inflammatory Diseases.International journal of molecular sciences · 2020Pooled it
- Trial
- Medical treatment of autism spectrum disorder in children: Current evidence, controversies, and clinical challenges.World journal of clinical pediatrics · 2026Article
- The Molecular Aspects of Functional Activity of Macrophage-Activating Factor GcMAF.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
- Optimization of Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cell Extraction from Small Volume of Blood Samples: Potential Implications for Children-Related Diseases.Methods and protocols · 2022Article
- Alterations of the endocannabinoid system and its therapeutic potential in autism spectrum disorder.Open biology · 2021Article
- Stem Cell-Derived Exosomes in Autism Spectrum Disorder.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2020Review
- Maternal blood folate status during early pregnancy and occurrence of autism spectrum disorder in offspring: a study of 62 serum biomarkers.Molecular autism · 2020Article
- The Endocannabinoid System in Pediatric Inflammatory and Immune Diseases.International journal of molecular sciences · 2019Review
- Current state of evidence of cannabis utilization for treatment of autism spectrum disorders.BMC psychiatry · 2019Review
- Dysbiotic microbiota in autistic children and their mothers: persistence of fungal and bacterial wall-deficient L-form variants in blood.Scientific reports · 2019Article
- Cannabidivarin Treatment Ameliorates Autism-Like Behaviors and Restores Hippocampal Endocannabinoid System and Glia Alterations Induced by Prenatal Valproic Acid Exposure in Rats.Frontiers in cellular neuroscience · 2019Article
- Inflammation and Neuro-Immune Dysregulations in Autism Spectrum Disorders.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2018Review
- In the search for reliable biomarkers for the early diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder: the role of vitamin D.Metabolic brain disease · 2018Article
- The Endocannabinoid System and Autism Spectrum Disorders: Insights from Animal Models.International journal of molecular sciences · 2017Review
- Endocannabinod Signal Dysregulation in Autism Spectrum Disorders: A Correlation Link between Inflammatory State and Neuro-Immune Alterations.International journal of molecular sciences · 2017Review
- Promising role for Gc-MAF in cancer immunotherapy: from bench to bedside.Caspian journal of internal medicine · 2017Review
- Atopic diseases and inflammation of the brain in the pathogenesis of autism spectrum disorders.Translational psychiatry · 2016Review
- Downstream effects of endocannabinoid on blood cells: implications for health and disease.Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS · 2015Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundImmune system dysregulation is well-recognized in autism and thought to be part of the etiology of this disorder. The endocannabinoid system is a key regulator of the immune system via the cannabinoid receptor type 2 (CB2R) which is highly expressed on macrophages and microglial cells. We have previously published significant differences in peripheral blood mononuclear cell CB2R gene expression in the autism population. The use of the Gc protein-derived Macrophage Activating Factor (GcMAF), an endogenous glycosylated vitamin D binding protein responsible for macrophage cell activation has demonstrated positive effects in the treatment of autistic children. In this current study, we investigated the in vitro effects of GcMAF treatment on the endocannabinoid system gene expression, as well as cellular activation in blood monocyte-derived macrophages (BMDMs) from autistic patients compared to age-matched healthy developing controls.
methodsTo achieve these goals, we used biomolecular, biochemical and immunocytochemical methods.
resultsGcMAF treatment was able to normalize the observed differences in dysregulated gene expression of the endocannabinoid system of the autism group. GcMAF also down-regulated the over-activation of BMDMs from autistic children.
conclusionsThis study presents the first observations of GcMAF effects on the transcriptionomics of the endocannabinoid system and expression of CB2R protein. These data point to a potential nexus between endocannabinoids, vitamin D and its transporter proteins, and the immune dysregulations observed with autism.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.