ArticlePloS one2014
Investigating the toxicity, uptake, nanoparticle formation and genetic response of plants to gold.
Article in PloS one, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 37 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
37 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 240 citations in OpenAlex.
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- Role of phytohormones and nanomaterials in enhancing plant tolerance to abiotic stress.Frontiers in plant science · 2026Review
- Sex-Related Differences in Physiological and Biochemical Responses ofPlants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Au Bipyramids as NIR-II Contrast Agents for In Vivo Plant Imaging.ACS applied materials & interfaces · 2025Article
- Biomineralized gold nanoparticles along with endophytic bacterial taxa in needles of Norway spruce (Picea abies).Environmental microbiome · 2025Article
- Molecular mechanisms of plant productivity enhancement by nano fertilizers for sustainable agriculture.Plant molecular biology · 2024Review
- ControllingEnvironmental science & technology · 2024Article
- Effects of Gold Nanoparticles onNanomaterials (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Nano-elicitation and hydroponics: a synergism to enhance plant productivity and secondary metabolism.Planta · 2024Review
- Transport of Nanoparticles into Plants and Their Detection Methods.Nanomaterials (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- First evidence of nanoparticle uptake through leaves and roots in beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) and pine (Pinus sylvestris L.).Tree physiology · 2023Article
- Nanotechnological Interventions in Agriculture.Nanomaterials (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Review
- Recent Advances in Metal-Based Nanoparticle-Mediated Biological Effects inMaterials (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Review
- Potassium Chloroaurate-MediatedNanomaterials (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Accumulation of scandium, cerium, europium, hafnium, and tantalum in oats and barley grown in soils that differ in their characteristics and level of contamination.Environmental science and pollution research international · 2022Article
- Helping plants to deal with heavy metal stress: the role of nanotechnology and plant growth promoting rhizobacteria in the process of phytoremediation.Environmental science and pollution research international · 2022Review
- A review on transcriptomic and metabolomic responses of plants to nanopollution.Environmental science and pollution research international · 2022Review
- Reduced Genotoxicity of Gold Nanoparticles With Protein Corona inFrontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology · 2022Article
- Engineered Nanomaterials in Soil: Their Impact on Soil Microbiome and Plant Health.Plants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Review
- Interactions of Coated-Gold Engineered Nanoparticles with Aquatic Higher PlantNanomaterials (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
We have studied the physiological and genetic responses of Arabidopsis thaliana L. (Arabidopsis) to gold. The root lengths of Arabidopsis seedlings grown on nutrient agar plates containing 100 mg/L gold were reduced by 75%. Oxidized gold was subsequently found in roots and shoots of these plants, but gold nanoparticles (reduced gold) were only observed in the root tissues. We used a microarray-based study to monitor the expression of candidate genes involved in metal uptake and transport in Arabidopsis upon gold exposure. There was up-regulation of genes involved in plant stress response such as glutathione transferases, cytochromes P450, glucosyl transferases and peroxidases. In parallel, our data show the significant down-regulation of a discreet number of genes encoding proteins involved in the transport of copper, cadmium, iron and nickel ions, along with aquaporins, which bind to gold. We used Medicago sativa L. (alfalfa) to study nanoparticle uptake from hydroponic culture using ionic gold as a non-nanoparticle control and concluded that nanoparticles between 5 and 100 nm in diameter are not directly accumulated by plants. Gold nanoparticles were only observed in plants exposed to ionic gold in solution. Together, we believe our results imply that gold is taken up by the plant predominantly as an ionic form, and that plants respond to gold exposure by up-regulating genes for plant stress and down-regulating specific metal transporters to reduce gold uptake.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.