SynthesisThe Pediatric infectious disease journal2014
Tuberculosis Immune Reconstitution Inflammatory Syndrome in children initiating Antiretroviral Therapy for HIV infection: A systematic literature review.
Synthesis in The Pediatric infectious disease journal, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
10 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 28 citations in OpenAlex.
- Paradoxical Reaction to Tuberculosis Therapy among HIV-Negative Children: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene · 2024Pooled it
- A systemic review of tuberculosis with HIV coinfection in children.Pediatric radiology · 2017Pooled it
- Effect of the Timing of Antiretroviral Treatment Initiation on Outcomes in Children Living With Human Immunodeficiency Virus Admitted With Severe Acute Malnutrition.Journal of the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society · 2021Trial
- Morbidity and mortality in tuberculosis associated immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome in children living with HIV: A narrative review.Journal of clinical tuberculosis and other mycobacterial diseases · 2023Article
- Tuberculosis Treatment Outcomes Among Children in Rural Southern Mozambique: A 12-year Retrospective Study.The Pediatric infectious disease journal · 2019Article
- Examining the Complex Relationship Between Tuberculosis and Other Infectious Diseases in Children.Frontiers in pediatrics · 2019Review
- Tuberculosis Treatment Outcomes Among HIV/TB-Coinfected Children in the International Epidemiology Databases to Evaluate AIDS (IeDEA) Network.Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999) · 2017Article
- Paradoxical tuberculosis-associated immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome in children.Pediatric pulmonology · 2016Article
- Tuberculosis, human immunodeficiency virus, and the immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome.Journal of postgraduate medicineArticle
- Tuberculosis in HIV-infected infants, children, and adolescents in Latin America.The Brazilian journal of infectious diseases : an official publication of the Brazilian Society of Infectious DiseasesArticle
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundPeople with HIV initiating combination antiretroviral therapy are at risk for tuberculosis-associated immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (TB-IRIS). While this syndrome has been well researched in adults, little is known about the incidence, case fatality, underlying immunopathology and treatment approaches in children.
methodsMajor databases were searched for articles related to TB-IRIS in children. Data were abstracted using standardized forms.
resultsThirteen studies were identified: 6 retrospective and 2 prospective cohort studies, 1 cross-sectional study, 3 case reports and 1 case series. In total, 303 cases of TB-IRIS were described, of which 270 were unmasking TB-IRIS, 12 paradoxical TB-IRIS and 21 were not classifiable due to lack of key information. None of the cohort studies had investigation of TB-IRIS as its primary aim. Nine studies were from Africa, 3 from Asia and 1 from Latin America. Age at cART initiation (reported by 12 studies) ranged from 1 month to 16 years. Median time from start of cART to IRIS diagnosis (reported by 8 studies) ranged from 8 days to 16 weeks. Few deaths attributable to TB-IRIS were recorded. Treatment was only discussed in 2 case studies, both of which reported children receiving corticosteroids. No studies evaluated risk factors for, or immunopathogenesis of, pediatric TB-IRIS.
conclusionsThere is a paucity of information available on TB-IRIS in children. Future research assessing incidence, risk factors, case fatality and optimal treatment or prevention strategies of TB-IRIS is needed.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.