ArticleBiochemistry2014
U3 region in the HIV-1 genome adopts a G-quadruplex structure in its RNA and DNA sequence.
Article in Biochemistry, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 64 papers.
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Who cites it
64 citing papers in PubMed, 110 citations in OpenAlex.
- Dibenzoacridinium derivatives: a new class of G-quadruplex ligands with anti-HIV-1 properties.RSC medicinal chemistry · 2026Article
- Investigation of possible G-quadruplex formation by GU- and GA-rich repeats and their role in translation.RNA biology · 2025Article
- Insertion of a G-quadruplex or hairpin structure into the 5' UTR or poly(A) sequences reduces translation efficiency of the encephalomyocarditis virus internal ribosome entry site: a preclinical in vitro study.Ewha medical journal · 2025Article
- Asymmetric distribution of G-quadruplex forming sequences in genomes of retroviruses.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Resolving the Structure of a Guanine Quadruplex in TMPRSS2 Messenger RNA by Circular Dichroism and Molecular Modeling.Chemistry (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany) · 2024Article
- Base pair dynamics, electrostatics, and thermodynamics at the LTR-III quadruplex:duplex junction.Biophysical journal · 2024Article
- Epigenetic modulation of myeloid cell functions in HIV and SARS-CoV-2 infection.Molecular biology reports · 2024Review
- High-Resolution Structure of RNA G-Quadruplex Containing Unique Structural Motifs Originating from the 5'-UTR of Human Tyrosine Kinase 2 (TYK2).ACS omega · 2024Article
- Naphthalene Diimide-Tetraazacycloalkane Conjugates Are G-Quadruplex-Based HIV-1 Inhibitors with a Dual Mode of Action.ACS infectious diseases · 2024Article
- G-Quadruplexes in the Viral Genome: Unlocking Targets for Therapeutic Interventions and Antiviral Strategies.Viruses · 2023Review
- Unfolding of an RNA G-quadruplex motif in the negative strand genome of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus by host and viral helicases to promote viral replication.Nucleic acids research · 2023Article
- Resolving a guanine-quadruplex structure in the SARS-CoV-2 genome through circular dichroism and multiscale molecular modeling.Chemical science · 2023Article
- Sensing nucleotide composition in virus RNA.Bioscience reports · 2023Review
- Helquat dyes targeting G-quadruplexes as a new class of anti-HIV-1 inhibitors.Scientific reports · 2023Article
- Targeting G-quadruplexes to achieve antiviral activity.Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters · 2023Review
- Deciphering RNA G-quadruplex function during the early steps of HIV-1 infection.Nucleic acids research · 2022Article
- Review
- Can G-quadruplex become a promising target in HBV therapy?Frontiers in immunology · 2022Review
- G-Quadruplexes in Neurobiology and Virology: Functional Roles and Potential Therapeutic Approaches.JACS Au · 2021Review
- Selective Recognition of a Single HIV-1 G-Quadruplex by Ultrafast Small-Molecule Screening.Analytical chemistry · 2021Article
4 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
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4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Genomic regions rich in G residues are prone to adopt G-quadruplex structure. Multiple Sp1-binding motifs arranged in tandem have been suggested to form this structure in promoters of cancer-related genes. Here, we demonstrate that the G-rich proviral DNA sequence of the HIV-1 U3 region, which serves as a promoter of viral transcription, adopts a G-quadruplex structure. The sequence contains three binding elements for transcription factor Sp1, which is involved in the regulation of HIV-1 latency, reactivation, and high-level virus expression. We show that the three Sp1 binding motifs can adopt different forms of G-quadruplex structure and that the Sp1 protein can recognize and bind to its site folded into a G-quadruplex. In addition, a c-kit2 specific antibody, designated hf2, binds to two different G-quadruplexes formed in Sp1 sites. Since U3 is encoded at both viral genomic ends, the G-rich sequence is also present in the RNA genome. We demonstrate that the RNA sequence of U3 forms dimers with characteristics known for intermolecular G-quadruplexes. Together with previous reports showing G-quadruplex dimers in the gag and cPPT regions, these results suggest that integrity of the two viral genomes is maintained through numerous intermolecular G-quadruplexes formed in different RNA genome locations. Reconstituted reverse transcription shows that the potassium-dependent structure formed in U3 RNA facilitates RT template switching, suggesting that the G-quadruplex contributes to recombination in U3.
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